FDIPP: False Data Injection Prevention Protocol for Smart Grid Distribution Systems

Abstract

In this paper, a false data injection prevention protocol (FDIPP) for smart grid distribution systems is proposed. The protocol is designed to work over a novel hierarchical communication network architecture that matches the distribution system hierarchy and its vast number of entities. The proposed protocol guarantees both system and data integrity via preventing packet injection, duplication, alteration, and rogue node access. Therefore, it prevents service disruption or damaging power network assets due to drawing the wrong conclusions about the current operating status of the power grid. Moreover, the impact of the FDIPP protocol on communication network performance is studied using intensive computer simulations. The simulation study shows that the proposed communication architecture is scalable and meets the packet delay requirements of inter-substation communication as mandated by IEC 61850-90-1 with a minimal packet loss while the security overhead of FDIPP is taken into account.

A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Software Defined Networks (SDN) [20,[38][39][40][41][42][43] Interdependent networks (IN) [44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52][53] Field Area Networks (FAN) [21,49,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]69] Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) [64][65][66][67][68][69]...…”

“…Note that 17% can find both in NANs and WSNs, respectively, pointing out a great opportunity to develop smart grids with softwaredefined topologies. Internet of Things [19,23,24,27,28,30,31,36,37,58,64,66,73,74,79,105,107] Machine learning [20,29,32,51,55,56,60,62,69,78,80,81,85,98,102,106] Data mining [47,107] Machine learning and neural training [21,54,69,81,96] Short term memory network [41,61] Power Line Communication Technology [53,63,90] Power electronics [35,50,99,101,<...>…”

“…Table 3 shows that most of the Encryption issues do not clearly define the algorithms they use, although there are some articles that use Multi-dimensional Data aggregation and even Cognitive Risk Control. Multi-dimensional Data aggregation [42,[55][56][57]60,62,64] Cognitive Risk Control [37,82] Not Defined [19,20,[22][23][24]26,28,29,31,35,36,38,39,43,[45][46][47][48]50,[52][53][54]58,61,63,73,[76][77][78][79]81,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105]…”

“…Hittini et al [58] mainly design a protocol defined as FDIPP, i.e., it is a False Data Injection Prevention Protocol, which is designed to be used on a hierarchical architecture of any power distribution system that includes multiple entities. FDIPP is designed to guarantee the integrity of various parts of the system for preserving the integrity above all of the data shared by the network, which is achieved by avoiding both the access of nodes not contemplated in the network as well as the alteration or even duplication of packages.…”

Cybersecurity in Power Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

“…If an attacker can only gain control over a small subset of field devices, he can still indirectly influence the power grid, e.g., by sending forged or manipulated sensor readings to the control room [ 25 , 79 , 80 ]. The operators in the control room may act on the wrong data and take steps to correct a non-existent problem [ 81 , 82 ], which may lead to disruption in the power grid, e.g., unintentionally overloading a power line because sensor readings show a normal load.…”