FDI and FTC of wind turbines using the interval observer approach and virtual actuators/sensors

Abstract

In this work, the problem of Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) and Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) of wind turbines is addressed. Fault detection is based on the use of interval observers and unknown but bounded description of the noise and modeling errors. Fault isolation is based on analyzing the observed fault signatures on-line and matching them with the theoretical ones obtained using structural analysis and a row-reasoning scheme. Fault tolerant control is based on the use of virtual sensors/actuators to deal with sensor and actuator faults, respectively. More precisely, these FTC schemes, that have been proposed previously in state space form, are reformulated in input/output form. Since an active FTC strategy is used, the FTC module uses the information from the FDI module to replace the real faulty sensor/actuator by activating the corresponding virtual sensor/actuator. Virtual actuators/sensors require additionally a fault estimation module to compensate the fault. In this work, a fault estimation approach based on batch least squares is used. The performance of the proposed FDI and FTC schemes is assessed using the proposed fault scenarios considered in the wind turbine benchmark proposed at IFAC SAFEPROCESS 2009. Satisfactory results have been obtained in both FDI and FTC.

A virtual actuator approach for the fault tolerant control of unstable linear systems subject to actuator saturation and fault isolation delay

“…Let us apply Lemma 4 to (58) using the region Re(z) < λ (h) , that corresponds to (19) with χ = −2λ (h) and δ = 1, such that (21) reads as…”

“…Initially proposed in a state-space formulation for LTI systems [13], this active FTC strategy has been successfully extended to linear parameter varying (LPV) [14], Takagi-Sugeno [15], piecewise affine [16], Lipschitz [17] and Hammerstein-Weiner [18] systems. An equivalent formulation in input-output form has been recently proposed in [19]. It is important to consider the actuator saturation constraints in the application of an FTC strategy, especially when actuator faults are considered.…”

Fault Tolerant Control of a PEM Fuel Cell using qLPV Virtual Actuators

“…When the reconfiguration block aims at tolerating actuator faults, it is named virtual actuator. Initially proposed in a state space form for LTI systems (Lunze and Steffen, 2006), this paradigm has been successfully extended to other system structures (Rotondo Dziekan et al, 2011;Richter et al, 2011;Blesa et al, 2014).…”

Robust sensor fault estimation for descriptor-LPV systems with unmeasurable gain scheduling functions: Application to an anaerobic bioreactor

“…In consequence, few works related to systems with unmeasurable gains scheduling functions have been published. Most of the papers deal with FDI for state-space LPV systems (Yoneyama, 2009;Theilliol and Aberkane, 2011;Ichalal et al, 2010;Chadli et al, 2013a;Blesa et al, 2014). Some of them are related to fault detection for D-LPVsystems with measurable scheduling functions (Hamdi et al, 2012b;Astorga-Zaragoza et al, 2011;Aguilera-González et al, 2013) and only several are related to D-LPV systems.…”