Favorable mortality-to-incidence ratios of kidney Cancer are associated with advanced health care systems

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Favorable testicular cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with health care disparities, including health care expenditures, but the trends of testicular MIR and health care disparity remain unclear. We evaluated changes in MIR as the difference between 2012 and 2018, termed delta MIR (δMIR). Health care expenditures and the human development index (HDI) were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. The association between the variables was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A total of 54 countries were included in the criteria of data quality reports and missing data. By continent, the most favorable MIR was in Oceania (0.03) while it was 0.36 in Africa. In these areas, the incidence rates were positively correlated to health care expenditure, but the mortality rates showed a reversed correlation. The MIR ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 and the δMIR ranged from −0.05 to 0.34. The favorable MIRs are correlated to high health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, favorable δMIRs tend to be seen in countries with relatively low health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, favorable testicular cancer MIRs are associated with high HDI and health care expenditure, but the improvement in MIR between 2012 and 2018 (δMIR) is negatively correlated with HDI and health care expenditure.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Testicular Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Relation to Health Expenditure: An Ecological Study of 54 Countries

Wang

Chang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The MIR was de ned as the ratio of the crude rate (CR) of mortality to the CR of incidence [13][14][15][16] . The exclusion criteria for country selection were based on the missing data in the WHO statistics (N = 12), on the missing HDI data (N = 2), on the unavailability of calculable MIR (N = 3), on the MIR outliers (N = 19), and incidence less than 200 per 100,000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Trends in the Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios for Liver Cancer in Countries With High Development Index and Health Expenditures

Wang

Sung

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Primary liver cancer is one of leading causes of death globally. Liver cancer has the uniqueness of geographical distribution as it predisposes viral infection etiologies and aging effects. We speculate if the human development index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and current health expenditure on gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) can affect the incidence numbers, mortality numbers, or mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) of liver cancer worldwide. Data was obtained from GLOBOCAN health data and statistics from the World Health Organization. MIRs and the changes in MIR over time (𝛿MIR) were used to evaluate the correlation of expenditures on healthcare and the HDI disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The incidence and mortality of crude rate have significant associations with HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP. Specifically, there were significant associations between 𝛿MIR and HDI as well as between 𝛿MIR and CHE per capita. However, there were no significant associations between 𝛿MIR and CHE/GDP. We evidenced that favorable liver cancer 𝛿MIR was not associated with CHE/GDP, although it had significant association with HDI and CHE per capita. This result is worthy of the attention of the public health system all over the world.

“…The MIR was de ned as the ratio of the crude rate (CR) of mortality to the CR of incidence, as previously described [20][21][22][23]. The exclusion criteria for country selection were based on the missing data of the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics (N=12), missing data of the HDI (N=2), and data quality report of the GLOBOCAN (N=110, [24]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios in Countries With High Human Development Index and Expenditures On Health

Sung

Hsu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The incidence rate of lip and oral cancer is increasing in recent years, the prognosis of which is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. We aim to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis.Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIR was applied to evaluate the correlation to healthcare expenditures and the human development index (HDI) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed that Asia has the most cases and deaths. The association of the HDI, current health expenditure (CHE), and ratio of CHE to the percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) to the crude rate (CR) of incidence show significant results (p<0.001, p=0.005, and p<0.001, respectively). However, their association with the mortality rate (p=0.303, p=0.997, and p=0.101) is not significant. In the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, CHE, and CHE/GDP with the MIR (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Countries with a higher HDI, more CHE per capita, and higher CHE/GDP tend to have a lower MIR, which indicates a favorable clinical outcome.