Abstract:Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Polyporaceae), belonging to basidiomycota, is one of the most famous medicinal mushrooms. This study was carried out to investigate favorable mycelial growth conditions, such as pH, temperature, growth media, carbon sources and nitrogen sources of Korean strains in G. lucidum. The most suitable temperature for the mycelial growth was obtained at 30℃. In general, optimal temperature range for the mycelial growth was found at 25~30℃. This Mushroom has a broad pH range (5~9) for its… Show more
“…Hexose stimulated cellulase production in C. occidentalis (0.60 unit/mL), Pogonomyces hydnoides (0.25 units/mL), N. hygrophanus (0.24 unit/mL) and Podoscyha bolleana (0.22 units/mL). Similar utilization of glucose was reported by Jonathan [2] for different Nigerian higher fungi, Jayasinghe et al [27] and Adejoye and Fasidi [26] reported glucose as the most stimulatory carbohydrate source for mycelial production in G. lucidum and S. commune. Glucose utilization for enzyme production may be attributed to the ease by which this sugar is oxidized to produce cellular energy.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Conversely, little or no amylase and cellulase activity were observed at 35 and 40 o C. Enzyme activity is reduced at high temperatures [24]. Table 2 results are similar to those obtained by Jayasinghe et al [27], who suggested that 25~30 o C was a favourable temperature for mycelial growth of a wild strain of Ganoderma lucidum from Korea. Similarly, Adejoye and Fasidi [26] reported that 28 o C was the optimum temperature for producing laccase in S. commune.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…A similar effect of temperature on laccase production was reported in Schizo- C. The high cellulolytic activities in C. versicolor and P. tuber-regium may be associated with their natural habitats. Both fungi are wood degrading fungi [27].…”
Amylases and cellulases are important enzymes that can be utilized for various biological activities. Ten different wild Nigerian mushrooms (Agaricus blazei, Agaricus sp., Corilopsis occidentalis, Coriolus versicolor, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces globulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Podoscypha bolleana, Pogonomyces hydnoides, and Nothopanus hygrophanus) were assayed for production of these secondary metabolites. The results revealed that most of the tested wild fungi demonstrated very good amylase and cellulase activities. With the incorporation of carboxymethyl-cellulose (a carbon source) into the culture medium, Agaricus blazei had the highest amylolytic activity of 0.60 unit/mL (at 25 o C, pH 6.8). This was followed in order by P. tuber-regium and Agaricus sp. with 0.42 and 0.39 unit/mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Maltose and sucrose supplementation into the submerged liquid medium made N. hygrophanus and P. hydnoides to exhibit very low amylase activities of 0.09 and 0.11 unit/mL, respectively. Introducing peptone (an organic nitrogen source) into the basal medium enhanced the ability of C. versicolor to produce a cellulase value of 0.74 unit/mL. Other organic nitrogen sources that supported good cellulase activities were yeast extract and urea. Sodium nitrate (inorganic nitrogen source) generally inhibited cellulase production in all mushrooms. The best carbon source was carboxymethyl-cellulose, which promoted very high cellulase activity of 0.67 unit/ mL in C. versicolor, which was followed in order by P. tuber-regium, T. chypeatus, and C. occidentalis (p ≤ 0.05). Sucrose was the poorest carbon compound, supporting the lowest values of 0.01, 0.01, and 0.14 unit/mL in P. hydnoides, A. blazei, and Agaricus sp., respectively.
“…Hexose stimulated cellulase production in C. occidentalis (0.60 unit/mL), Pogonomyces hydnoides (0.25 units/mL), N. hygrophanus (0.24 unit/mL) and Podoscyha bolleana (0.22 units/mL). Similar utilization of glucose was reported by Jonathan [2] for different Nigerian higher fungi, Jayasinghe et al [27] and Adejoye and Fasidi [26] reported glucose as the most stimulatory carbohydrate source for mycelial production in G. lucidum and S. commune. Glucose utilization for enzyme production may be attributed to the ease by which this sugar is oxidized to produce cellular energy.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Conversely, little or no amylase and cellulase activity were observed at 35 and 40 o C. Enzyme activity is reduced at high temperatures [24]. Table 2 results are similar to those obtained by Jayasinghe et al [27], who suggested that 25~30 o C was a favourable temperature for mycelial growth of a wild strain of Ganoderma lucidum from Korea. Similarly, Adejoye and Fasidi [26] reported that 28 o C was the optimum temperature for producing laccase in S. commune.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…A similar effect of temperature on laccase production was reported in Schizo- C. The high cellulolytic activities in C. versicolor and P. tuber-regium may be associated with their natural habitats. Both fungi are wood degrading fungi [27].…”
Amylases and cellulases are important enzymes that can be utilized for various biological activities. Ten different wild Nigerian mushrooms (Agaricus blazei, Agaricus sp., Corilopsis occidentalis, Coriolus versicolor, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces globulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Podoscypha bolleana, Pogonomyces hydnoides, and Nothopanus hygrophanus) were assayed for production of these secondary metabolites. The results revealed that most of the tested wild fungi demonstrated very good amylase and cellulase activities. With the incorporation of carboxymethyl-cellulose (a carbon source) into the culture medium, Agaricus blazei had the highest amylolytic activity of 0.60 unit/mL (at 25 o C, pH 6.8). This was followed in order by P. tuber-regium and Agaricus sp. with 0.42 and 0.39 unit/mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Maltose and sucrose supplementation into the submerged liquid medium made N. hygrophanus and P. hydnoides to exhibit very low amylase activities of 0.09 and 0.11 unit/mL, respectively. Introducing peptone (an organic nitrogen source) into the basal medium enhanced the ability of C. versicolor to produce a cellulase value of 0.74 unit/mL. Other organic nitrogen sources that supported good cellulase activities were yeast extract and urea. Sodium nitrate (inorganic nitrogen source) generally inhibited cellulase production in all mushrooms. The best carbon source was carboxymethyl-cellulose, which promoted very high cellulase activity of 0.67 unit/ mL in C. versicolor, which was followed in order by P. tuber-regium, T. chypeatus, and C. occidentalis (p ≤ 0.05). Sucrose was the poorest carbon compound, supporting the lowest values of 0.01, 0.01, and 0.14 unit/mL in P. hydnoides, A. blazei, and Agaricus sp., respectively.
“…Other sugar sources, in particular, sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, sucrose, dextrin, and mannose (in descending order in terms of growth rate), were reported to result in better growth for G. applanatum compared to glucose (Jo et al 2009). In a separate study, dextrin was the most preferred source for G. lucidum growth, followed by galactose and fructose, but glucose also resulted in the slowest growth (Jayasinghe et al 2008). Information on the responses of five Ganoderma isolates to three different simple sugars was used for cluster analysis.10.1080/21501203.2015.1137985-F0001Figure 1.Contour plots of radial mycelial growth (mm/day) for G. australe G30 (a), (b); Ganoderma sp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pat. grew better at around pH 5 (acidic) (Nawawi and Ho 1990; Jayasinghe et al 2008; Jeong et al 2009; Kapoor and Sharma 2014). In addition, oil palm extracts were reported to have pH 5 (unpublished data).…”
The influence of different medium components (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) on the growth of different Ganoderma isolates and species was investigated using mixture design. Ten sugar combinations based on three simple sugars were generated with two different concentrations, namely 3.3% and 16.7%, which represented low and high sugar levels, respectively. The media were adjusted to either pH 5 or 8. Ganoderma isolates (two G. boninense from oil palm, one Ganoderma species from coconut palm, G. lingzhi, and G. australe from tower tree) grew faster at pH 8. Ganoderma lingzhi proliferated at the slowest rate compared to all other tested Ganoderma species in all the media studied. However, G. boninense isolates grew the fastest. Different Ganoderma species were found to have different sugar preferences. This study illustrated that the mixture design can be used to determine the optimal combinations of sugar or other nutrient/chemical components of media for fungal growth.
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