Faunistic analyses of fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in orchards surrounded by Atlantic Forest fragments in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná state, Brazil

Abstract

The objective of this trial was to characterize the assemblage structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) by determining the diversity and faunal indices. Fruit flies were collected for ten years between 2003 and 2015 in six municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná. The orchards were divided into three crop protection strategies: organic, conventional, and integrated pest management. The characteristic of each community was determined using the Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Pielou's indexes. The frequency, constancy, and dominance indexes were also determined. Biological material was analyzed using the explanatory variables: site, crop, plant protection strategy, and susceptibility period. A total of 8,089 fruit flies were collected, of which 4,681 were females. The species Anastrepha daciformis Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene and A. pickeli Lima were recorded for the first time in Paraná State, the occurrence of three other species was recorded for the first time in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (A. montei Lima, A. obliqua Macquart, and A. sororcula Zucchi), in addition A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. grandis (Macquart) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). A. fraterculus accounted for 98.5% of the collected species. Only A. fraterculus and A. sororcula were found in fruits. Fruit flies occurred predominantly in peach trees cultivated under organic conditions. The Shannon index indicated that the municipality of Cerro Azul had the highest diversity and richness whereas apple orchards had the lowest diversity. Crops cultivated under organic conditions exhibited the highest diversity whereas those cultivated under conventional conditions had the highest evenness index. The largest specimens number was collected during the period of crop susceptibility.

SURVEY OF TEPHRITIDAE AND LONCHAEIDAE (Diptera), THEIR HOST PLANTS AND PARASITOIDS IN THE STATE OF SERGIPE, BRAZIL

“…Several factors are related to diversity and abundance of fruit flies; however, climate generally regulates the development of native hosts and natural antagonism between species (ALUJA et al, 1997). The occurrence of fruit fly species depends on preference of hosts and is affected by the landscape, that is, the forestgrowing system (MONTEIRO et al, 2018). According to these authors, in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Paraná State -Brazil), many orchards are near or surrounded by fragments of the Atlantic Forest, which leads to interspecific competition.…”

First record of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, 1938 (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Tephritidae is one of the most important Diptera families as it encompasses pest species that cause great economic losses in fruit crops worldwide (Dias et al, 2018;Monteiro et al, 2019). Interestingly, Brazil is home to many species of native fruit fly parasitoids, belonging to the Braconidae, Diapriidae, Figitidae and Pteromalidae families (Garcia and Ricalde, 2013;Ongaratto et al, 2020).…”

Spatio-temporal distribution, diversity and monitoring of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in papaya orchards in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil

“…A. fraterculus is the species with the largest number of host plants in Brazil ( 116), followed by A. obliqua (51) . Dominance of these species has been observed in several Brazilian states (Aguiar-Menezes et al, 2008;Garcia et al, 2003;Monteiro et al, 2019;. Commonly, in commercial orchards one or two species of fruit flies are dominant, comprising a significant part of the total of captured specimens ).…”

“…This result highlights the importance of using richness partitioning analysis for problems in agriculture, mainly when species richness is involved. The richness of fruit fly species depends directly on their host plant preference, but this association is also influenced by the landscape, particularly when orchards are scattered in different areas, including Atlantic forest remnant (Monteiro et al, 2019).…”

“…The diversity of Anastrepha species is due to extensive fruit fly surveys carried out mostly in the last two decades in the state. In addition, the species richness is influenced by Atlantic Rainforest, which contributes to the conservation of species (Monteiro et al 2019). The buffer zone showed the lowest richness of Anastrepha species ( 23), but its values is very close to those in neighbourhood 1 and 2 (respectively 25 and 27 species).…”