Fault Location in Multitapped Transmission Lines Using Unsynchronized Data and Superposition Theorem

Experimental studies on impedance based fault location for long transmission lines

“…One-end [5,6] Two-end algorithms [7][8][9] One-end impedance fault location method is economic and simple as compared to other fault location methods [5]. One end impedance fault locators calculate the location of a fault based on the impedance from one end of a transmission line.…”

“…The measured values form the both ends are synchronized by GPS clock [7,8,11,12]. The other hand, in other categories, the GPS system is not needed [8,9]. Thereafter, the main advantage and disadvantage of this class is lower cost of implementation and lower accuracy respectively.…”

Fault location method applied to transmission lines of general configuration

“…In the literature there are many fault location methods, where it may be cited those that use data from one terminal [1-5], from two terminals [6][7][8][9][10][11], and those that use data from more than one terminal in transmission lines with derivations [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…These processes demand for an adequate voltage level and power frequency. Hence, locating faults in transmission lines with accuracy is an important need, since the repair time, in the case of permanent faults, affects considerably the reliability of the system as well as causes economic damages by the industrial processes stopping.In the literature there are many fault location methods, where it may be cited those that use data from one terminal [1-5], from two terminals [6][7][8][9][10][11], and those that use data from more than one terminal in transmission lines with derivations [12][13][14][15][16][17].In the followings paragraphs will be briefly discussed some fault location methods.The fault location method proposed in [2] is applied to parallel transmission lines. It is based on transmission line's distributed parameters model and require voltage and current measures from only one terminal.…”

“…It is also proposed the corresponding PMU placement strategy. Once the method uses only voltages in the calculations, the results obtained it may be wrong when faults with high impedance occur.The method proposed by [14] locates faults on transmission lines constituted of single circuit. In the fault location, the method uses the current and voltage phasors measured at local and remote terminals of the transmission line.…”