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A highly reliable, fast, and deterministic communication network is required to support time-critical real-time monitoring, protection, and control functions of the substation automation systems (SAS). This paper proposes an Ethernet-based logical architecture for the substation communication network (SCN). Improved reliability, availability, and survivability of the SAS are demonstrated through the unique architectural features of this SCN, whereas the end-to-end (ETE) time-delay performance of the SCN architecture is evaluated with the help of simulation. The optimized network engineering tool modeler is used for modeling and simulation of the various nodes of the SCN and the communication traffic according to IEC 61850, the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard for Communication Networks and Systems for Substation.

This document provides sockets Application Program Interface (API) to support "advanced" IPv6 applications, as a supplement to a separate specification, RFC 3493. The expected applications include Ping,

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In long transmission lines, the charging current caused by the shunt capacitance decreases the accuracy in impedance based fault location. To improve the accuracy of fault location, this paper presents a novel scheme, where two Digital Fault Recorders (DFRs) are installed in a line. They can send the transient data of the faults to the both ends of a line. To estimate the distance of a fault, impedance based fault location methods are applied with transient fault data of both ends protection relays and both DFRs installed in a line. To evaluate the proposed scheme, a laboratory setup has been developed. In the lab, several faults have been simulated and associated voltages and currents are injected to a relay IED to compare experimental results.

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