Fault Current of PV Inverters Under Grid-Connected Operation: A Review

Buzo, Ricardo Fonseca; Barradas, Henrique Molina; Leão, Fábio Bertequini

doi:10.1007/s40313-021-00729-6

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Table 7 shows the main coordination features of 51V local protections. Coordination times of 51V relays are near to the limits imposed by constraint (21), indicating high quality of the obtained solution. Since the solution does not exceed the model's restrictions, the parameters presented provide selectivity with the distribution network protections, tripping only in case of faults internal to the microgrid.…”

Section: B Protection Devices Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Likewise, PoC protection devices are responsible for disconnecting all DERs from the microgrid during internal fault events, sending a signal to open the circuit at the PCC to minimize power outage. In this case, voltage-restrained OCRs are employed for rotating DGs, while IBDGs use frequency relays because these technologies provide less contribution for short-circuit currents than rotating DGs, [20], [21].…”

Section: Coordination Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOCRs have a smaller interval for pickup currents than distribution network reclosers because lower magnitude currents flow through the PCC branch, depending on the microgrid capacity. At the same time, the upper limit must be small since IBDGs also have a small short-circuit current contribution during a fault condition [21].…”

Section: A Protection Devices Parametrizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks With Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids

Reiz

Leite

2022

IEEE Access

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Microgrids are promising to enhance power distribution systems' efficiency, quality, sustainability, and reliability. However, microgrids operation can impose several challenges to traditional protection schemes, like changes in the power flow direction and an increase in short-circuit currents. Microgrids can include several distributed generation technologies with different behaviours during shortcircuit conditions, requiring additional protection schemes and devices. In this way, the optimized coordination of reclosers and fuses in distribution networks with directional overcurrent relays, which operate as interconnection devices, might overcome many imposed protection challenges. Regarding to different generation technologies, voltage-restrained overcurrent relays and frequency relays are presented as local microgrid protection for rotative and inverter-based distributed generators, respectively. The optimized coordination of these protection devices maximizes microgrid benefits and minimizes operation drawbacks by reducing interruptions impacts and energy not supplied to consumers. This work proposes, thus, a mathematical model for the optimal coordination of protection devices in distribution networks with distributed energy resources operating in grid-connected and islanded modes. The minimization technique of operating times using an elitist genetic algorithm with variable crossover and mutation processes is proposed, as well. The results show adequate coordination using passive and low-cost protection devices.

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Section: B Protection Devices Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Coordination Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Protection Devices Parametrizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks With Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids

Reiz

Leite

2022

IEEE Access

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“…In [9], a comprehensive review of the fault current value of PV inverters under grid‐connected operation is presented. The review highlights the divergence among values reported in the literature, with some studies focusing on fault current contributions through simulation, others investigating impacts on distribution systems, and separate works addressing fault current characteristics from commercial PV inverters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fault current contributions from small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters and their impacts on the protection of electric power distribution systems

de Almeida,

da Costa Lima,

Macedo Junior

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper presents an analysis of the fault current contributions of small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters under grid‐connected operation and their potential impact on the protection of distribution systems. To conduct this analysis, an autotransformer‐based voltage dip generator is proposed as a means to test the photovoltaic inverters' contribution to short‐circuit currents. Laboratory tests are then performed to obtain the short‐circuit current contribution of eight single‐phase photovoltaic inverters. Using the short‐circuit current data obtained, a behaviour model is developed and simulated on Matlab‐Simulink. The model is then applied to a real distribution system and case studies are conducted to simulate the potential impacts on the protection system. Results indicate that while the massive penetration of small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters can alter the protection system's operating time, the impacts are not significant. Only in very specific scenarios, such as events related to high impedance faults, some impact can be observed. In these situations, the presence of photovoltaic inverters further complicates the already difficult task of identifying high impedance faults through conventional overcurrent protections. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of photovoltaic inverters into distribution systems, and can aid in the development of effective protection measures for future grid designs.

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“…In remote areas, grid connected PV systems along with battery storage backup are employed. Hybrid power systems are used in combination of wind, tidal and thermal energy with PV systems [6]. Despite all the extended usage and advantages of the PV systems, it is affected with the meteorological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Proportional Resonant and Proportional Integral Controls Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for PV Grid Tied Inverter

Alkhammash¹,

Satti²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2023

MMEP

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This article outlines how to optimize the parameters of proportional integral (PI) and proportional resonant (PR) controllers of a grid connected three-phase inverter system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The optimization of the control parameters is constrained to a low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the injected currents to the grid. In contrast to conventional PI and PR tuning methods, the PSO optimized controller inherits a wide-ranging operating condition, having better performance in steady-state and rapid dynamic response under abnormal grid conditions. This approach is used to provide the simulation results under both abnormal and normal grid conditions. Some important characteristics of this technique are that its complexity is not altered, no additional hardware is required, and no additional cost is added. From the presented results, it is observed that the proposed control optimization method ensured a low THD of 0.59% in the injected grid currents. Moreover, the control parameter optimization error converges to zero in finite time.

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Fault Current of PV Inverters Under Grid-Connected Operation: A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks With Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids

Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks With Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids

Analysis of fault current contributions from small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters and their impacts on the protection of electric power distribution systems

Optimization of Proportional Resonant and Proportional Integral Controls Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for PV Grid Tied Inverter

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