Fault Control Using Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR)

Hudson, Sharon; Sundar, Raghav; Koppu, Srinivas

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7871-2_45

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fault mitigation techniques. Several general techniques have been proposed to mitigate faults impacts, e.g., DMR [14], TMR [23] and ECC [13]. Some NN-specified techniques, such as explicit redundancy and retraining, are proposed in [24].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing and Improving Fault Tolerance of Learning-Based Navigation Systems

Wan¹,

Anwar²,

Hsiao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Learning-based navigation systems are widely used in autonomous applications, such as robotics, unmanned vehicles and drones. Specialized hardware accelerators have been proposed for highperformance and energy-efficiency for such navigational tasks. However, transient and permanent faults are increasing in hardware systems and can catastrophically violate tasks safety. Meanwhile, traditional redundancy-based protection methods are challenging to deploy on resource-constrained edge applications. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the resilience of navigation systems with respect to algorithms, fault models and data types from both RL training and inference. We further propose two efficient fault mitigation techniques that achieve 2× success rate and 39% qualityof-flight improvement in learning-based navigation systems.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing and Improving Fault Tolerance of Learning-Based Navigation Systems

Wan¹,

Anwar²,

Hsiao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…To ensure radiation tolerance, different methods have been proposed and are actually being used in space [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Using radiation-hardened devices or fault-tolerant designs are the most common methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electronics 2021, 10, 1146 2 of 19 N Modular Redundancy (NMR) uses N copies of a module, where N is usually odd, with a voting system to tolerate faults in up to (N − 1)/2 modules. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is currently widely used to mitigate radiation-induced faults and is considered to have "saved" several space missions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Reliability Redundancy Scheme for Design of Radiation-Tolerant Half-Duty Limited DC-DC Converters

et al. 2021

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Redundancy techniques are commonly used to design radiation- and fault-tolerant circuits for space applications, to ensure high reliability. However, higher reliability often comes at a cost of increased usage of hardware resources. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) ensures full single fault masking, with a >200% power and area overhead cost. TMR/Simplex ensures full single fault masking with a slightly more complicated circuitry, inefficient use of resource and a >200% power and area overhead cost, but with higher reliability than that of TMR. In this work, a high-reliability Spatial and Time Redundancy (TR) hybrid technique, which does not abandon a working module and is applicable for radiation hardening of half-duty limited DC-DC converters, is proposed and applied to the design of a radiation-tolerant digital controller for a Dual-Switch Forward Converter. The technique has the potential of double fault masking with a <2% increase in resource overhead cost compared to TMR. Moreover, for a Simplex module failure rate, λ, of 5%, the Reliability Improvement Factor (RIF) over the Simplex system is 20.8 and 500 for the proposed technique’s two- and three-module implementations, respectively, compared to a RIF over the Simplex system of only 7.25 for TMR and 14.3 for the regular TMR/Simplex scheme.

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“…Şinca and Szász 26 proposed digital systems at a nanoelectronic level for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuit and simulation results have been presented. Hudson et al 27 implemented operating systems. However, limitation of TMR is that if system failure occurs in case of simultaneous faults in two channels, then the voter will not be able to produce output from a single channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid fault tolerant control for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engine using Kalman filters with advanced redundancy

Amin

Mahmood-ul-Hasan

2019

Measurement and Control

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In this paper, a hybrid fault tolerant control system is proposed for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engines based on Kalman filters and triple modular redundancy. Hybrid fault tolerant control system possesses properties of both active fault tolerant control system and passive fault tolerant control system. As part of active fault tolerant control system, fault detection and isolation unit is designed using Kalman filters to provide estimated values of the sensors to the engine controller in case of faults in the sensors. As part of passive fault tolerant control system, a dedicated proportional–integral feedback controller is incorporated to maintain air–fuel ratio by adjusting the throttle actuator in the fuel supply line in faulty and noisy conditions for robustness to faults and sensors’ noise. Redundancy is proposed in the sensors and actuators as a simultaneous failure of more than one sensor, and failure of the single actuator will cause the engine shutdown. Advanced redundancy protocol triple modular redundancy is proposed for the sensors and dual redundancy is proposed for actuators. Simulation results in the MATLAB Simulink environment show that the proposed system remains stable during faults in the sensors and actuators. It also maintains air–fuel ratio without any degradation in the faulty conditions and is robust to noise. Finally, the probabilistic reliability analysis of the proposed model is carried out. The study shows that the proposed hybrid fault tolerant control system with redundant components presents a novel and highly reliable solution for the air–fuel ratio control in internal combustion engines to prevent engine shutdown and production loss for greater profits.

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Fault Control Using Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR)

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Analyzing and Improving Fault Tolerance of Learning-Based Navigation Systems

Analyzing and Improving Fault Tolerance of Learning-Based Navigation Systems

A High-Reliability Redundancy Scheme for Design of Radiation-Tolerant Half-Duty Limited DC-DC Converters

Hybrid fault tolerant control for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engine using Kalman filters with advanced redundancy

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