Hybrid fault tolerant control for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engine using Kalman filters with advanced redundancy

Abstract

In this paper, a hybrid fault tolerant control system is proposed for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engines based on Kalman filters and triple modular redundancy. Hybrid fault tolerant control system possesses properties of both active fault tolerant control system and passive fault tolerant control system. As part of active fault tolerant control system, fault detection and isolation unit is designed using Kalman filters to provide estimated values of the sensors to the engine controller in case of faults in the sensors. As part of passive fault tolerant control system, a dedicated proportional–integral feedback controller is incorporated to maintain air–fuel ratio by adjusting the throttle actuator in the fuel supply line in faulty and noisy conditions for robustness to faults and sensors’ noise. Redundancy is proposed in the sensors and actuators as a simultaneous failure of more than one sensor, and failure of the single actuator will cause the engine shutdown. Advanced redundancy protocol triple modular redundancy is proposed for the sensors and dual redundancy is proposed for actuators. Simulation results in the MATLAB Simulink environment show that the proposed system remains stable during faults in the sensors and actuators. It also maintains air–fuel ratio without any degradation in the faulty conditions and is robust to noise. Finally, the probabilistic reliability analysis of the proposed model is carried out. The study shows that the proposed hybrid fault tolerant control system with redundant components presents a novel and highly reliable solution for the air–fuel ratio control in internal combustion engines to prevent engine shutdown and production loss for greater profits.

Reliable speed control of a permanent magnet DC motor using fault-tolerant H-bridge

“…The presented work can achieve the exact position of the faulty sensor in less time. The studies 14,15 show the dual hardware redundancy for engine sensors application in which the primary component performs all the normal operations until it fails and then back-up components come into operation to perform the tasks. With this approach, a single point of failure can be eliminated due to a single sensor or actuator and the overall failure of the system can be avoided that would have been caused by a single component.…”

Hybrid Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Compound Faults of Hypersonic Vehicle

“…In the passive approach, the same controller is used throughout the normal and fault cases; therefore, this passive fault-tolerant controller can be implemented [24,25]. Passive FTC is suitable for systems with simple fault expressions and small amplitudes, thereby simplifying the HFV control algorithm and improving the response speed [26,27]. In the active approach, the observer is first designed to estimate faults, and then systems use estimated values to reconstruct the control algorithms for tracking the ideal output [28].…”

CNN-Based Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Control Design for Turbofan Engines With Actuator Faults

“…Redundancy is mainly divided into hardware redundancy and analytical redundancy [9]. In hardware redundancy, multiple backup sensors or actuators are used to perform the same task thereby preventing the failure of the system [10], such as dual redundancy [11], triple modular redundancy [12], and modified triple redundancy [13]. Owing to increasing the cost, weight, and physical size, hardware redundancy is often not an option for turbofan engines.…”

“…Owing to increasing the cost, weight, and physical size, hardware redundancy is often not an option for turbofan engines. In analytical redundancy, filters [12], adaptive observers [14], linear regression-based VOLUME 4, 2016 observers [15] are designed to estimate the operation of components, which are mainly used in the case of sensor faults. To estimate actuator faults, many other fault diagnosis approaches have been proposed for turbofan engines, such as Kalman filter [16]- [21], observer [22], [23], and other related methods [24]- [29].…”