Fault Analysis on Distribution Feeders With High Penetration of PV Systems

Specification and implementation of a reference grid for distribution network dynamics studies

“…The PV system is simulated by adopting a model which represents the converters with average value models and includes maximum power point tracker [8]. Figure 6 illustrates the developed single and three-phase PV systems, and also the associated dialog box.…”

Coordination assessment of overcurrent relays in distribution feeders with high penetration of PV systems

“…Fault current profile on a PV-dominated distribution feeder is rather different than a conventional feeder: first because of the PVs contribution, and second because of the varying nature of the fault current due to PVs disconnecting at different times caused by their voltage-based self protection. As the conventional short-circuit analysis methods are inadequate to analyze the fault current in such feeders, a new approach proposed in [11] will be used in this study. Figure 7 shows the approach.…”

“…Also, since the fault current varies in such feeders, it becomes more challenging to estimate the time taken for an overcurrent relay, which will see this fault, to trip. Therefore a method has been developed for this purpose in [11] that will be used in this paper. Figure 8 shows the method for estimating the trip time of an overcurrent relay while the fault current changes n times from I 1 to I n at t 1 to t n-1 .…”

Ground-Fault Characteristic Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Stations with Neutral Grounding Resistance

“…The majority of PV power sources are connected to the public grid, and because of the geographical distribution of solar resources [1], the centralized connection of large-scale PV power generation to the public grid is an important characteristic of grid-connected PV power stations [2][3][4].…”