Fatty Acids Profile, Physicalchemical Properties and Minerals with Quantify Indicador of Astrocaryum aculeatum Pulp Oil

Abstract

The species Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae) is known in the Brazilian Amazon as tucumã, whose fruit is much appreciated by the population of the region, where its pulp, oleaginous, is the most consumed. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a profile of fatty acids by GC-FID and minerals by ICP-OES of the oil of the pulp of the tucumã (A. aculeatum), as well as their physicochemical properties by 1 H NMR. The fruits were collected in Alto Alegre city, Roraima, Brazil. These were taken to the laboratory, sanitized and removing your pulp, submitted to the oven with air circulation at 50 °C for 72 h, the dried pulps were milled and sieved between 20-40 mesh. The pulp oil extraction was realized in Soxhlet with hexane for 6 hours (yield of 54.7%). Were identified a total of 10 fatty acids, of these 23.8% are saturated fatty acids and 76.2% are unsaturated fatty acids: palmitic acid (10.4%), stearic acid (4.9%), oleic acid (64.2%), linoleic acid (11%) ) were observed in high concentrations. The Amazon tucumã is an oleaginous that deserves our attention because it is composed of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to the human health.

Emerging Lipids from Arecaceae Palm Fruits in Brazil

“…On the other hand, the oil obtained from the TAP shows a very low IV (10.88 g I 2 100 g −1 ), suggesting that it is solid at room temperature. However, other studies reported a high content of UFA for TAP oil [34,134], indicating a liquid appearance. Conversely, the kernel oils show a higher IV, suggesting a composition rich in SFA and a solid or semi-solid consistency at ambient temperature [32].…”

“…A difference in the total scientific papers obtained through the SCO and WOS platforms from 1990 to 2021 can be noted (Figure 5b). However, in both databases, the highest number of documents were associated with E. oleracea (673-695), followed by A. speciosa (494-549), B. gasipaes (347-392), M. flexuosa (361-382), and A. aculeata (317-336), while the species with the lowest number of documents in the literature were A. maripa (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and A. murumuru (34)(35)(36). Also, the highest discrepancies between the results from each database were observed in B. gasipaes (13%) and A. speciosa (10%).…”

“…It also presents a homogeneous and white endosperm [80,81]. The fruits are eaten fresh as a part of breakfast [34,35] and the pulp is used as an ingredient to prepare juice and ice cream [81], mainly in Manaus (AM), where they are sold downtown in the local markets and street fairs [34,35].…”

“…The tucumã-do-Amazonas presents an oil content of 21-62% in the pulp (TAP) [32][33][34] and 28-46% in the kernel (TAK) [35]. Tucumã-do-Amazonas is one of the APTFs with the highest oil content in the pulp, which is similar to that of palm (E. guineensis).…”

“…TAP oil has a FA composition majorly based on MUFAs and PUFAs such as oleic (64-74%) and linoleic (11-12%) acids, respectively. The main SFAs are palmitic (8-10%) and stearic (5-7%) acids [34,134]. Differently, TAK oil displays a FA composition rich in SFAs (86-98%), composed mainly of lauric (52-58%) and myristic (23-27%) acids.…”