Fatty Acids in Early Human Milk after Preterm and Full‐Term Delivery

Kovács, Attila; Funke, Simone; Marosvölgyi, Tamás; Burus, István; Décsi, Támas

doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000176181.66390.54

Cited by 67 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Because blood sampling was obtained at d 4, even considering the possible differences in the LCPUFA content in milk of mothers with preterm delivery, as found in cases of severe, and not mild, prematurity (24), the amount of milk consumed by the infant during the first days of life would have just a minimal impact on his LCPUFA status, at the point to explain differences in the FA pattern. Moreover, it has already been demonstrated that the relationships between LCPUFA concentrations at birth and postnatal changes during the first 6 wks after birth are just partly dependent on the composition of the supplied milk (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Blood Fatty Acid Composition Differs in Term Versus Mildly Preterm Infants: Small Versus Matched Appropriate for Gestational Age

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT:To investigate the associations between whole blood fatty acid (FA) profile and restricted intrauterine growth, any small for gestational age (SGA) infant born in our maternity ward through 1 y was matched with two appropriate for gestational age (AGA), of the same GA Ϯ 0.5 wk, infants, further subdivided into term and preterm. Whole blood was collected at d 4 on a strip and FA % composition assessed by means of gas chromatography. The whole sample consisted of 28 SGA versus 56 AGA born at term and 20 SGA versus 40 AGA born preterm at around 35 wks. Parent FA of the n-6 and n-3 FA families were higher in preterm groups, whereas docosahexaenoic acid was higher in term AGA (median % values, 3.9 versus 3.7 in term SGA, 2.8 in preterm AGA, and 2.5 in preterm SGA, p Ͻ 0.001). Term AGA had markedly higher values for the docosahexaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid ratio (median value: 91, versus 18 in term SGA, 12 in preterm AGA, and 10 in preterm SGA, p Ͻ 0.001). Term SGA had significantly lower levels of total monounsaturated FA and higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid. Therefore, the 4-d whole blood FA pattern is associated with both GA and birth weight. (Pediatr Res 64: 298-302, 2008)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Blood Fatty Acid Composition Differs in Term Versus Mildly Preterm Infants: Small Versus Matched Appropriate for Gestational Age

et al. 2008

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“…t he amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in human breast milk is subject to maternal nutrition and further modified by maternal adipose tissue stores (1), gestational age and stage of lactation (2,3), and the individual's genetic constitution (variants in the FADS1/2 gene cluster) (4,5). There is an ongoing debate about whether the amount of n-3 LCPUFAs, and particularly the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), provided to the developing infant during the breastfeeding period may result in functional differences of health outcomes in the offspring.…”

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confidence: 99%

Breast milk fatty acid profile in relation to infant growth and body composition: results from the INFAT study

et al. 2013

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Background: There is some evidence that the n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) ratio in early nutrition, and thus in breast milk, could influence infant body composition. Methods:In an open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT), 208 healthy pregnant women were allocated to a dietary intervention (supplementation with 1,200 mg n-3 LCPUFAs per day and instructions to reduce arachidonic acid (AA) intake) from the 15th wk of gestation until 4 mo of lactation or to follow their habitual diet. Breast milk LCPUFAs at 6 wk and 4 mo postpartum were related to infant body composition assessed by skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements and ultrasonography during the first year of life. results: Dietary intervention significantly reduced breast milk n-6/n-3 LCPUFAs ratio. In the whole sample, early breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and n-3 LCPUFAs at 6 wk postpartum were positively related to the sum of four SFT measurements at age 1. Breast milk AA and n-6 LCPUFAs at 6 wk postpartum were negatively associated with weight, BMI, and lean body mass (LBM) up to 4 mo postpartum. conclusion: Breast milk n-3 LCPUFAs appear to stimulate fat mass growth over the first year of life, whereas AA seems to be involved in the regulation of overall growth, especially in the early postpartum period. t he amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in human breast milk is subject to maternal nutrition and further modified by maternal adipose tissue stores (1), gestational age and stage of lactation (2,3), and the individual's genetic constitution (variants in the FADS1/2 gene cluster) (4,5). There is an ongoing debate about whether the amount of n-3 LCPUFAs, and particularly the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,, provided to the developing infant during the breastfeeding period may result in functional differences of health outcomes in the offspring.As recently reviewed, there is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support or refute the practice of giving n-3 LCPUFA supplementation ("fish oil") to breastfeeding mothers to improve infant growth, children's neurodevelopment, visual acuity, or allergy risk (6).An upcoming question in the context of fetal programming of later disease susceptibility is whether the balance between the n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs in early nutrition, and thus in breast milk, could play a role in childhood obesity (7). Although prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation has been shown to reduce obesity in rodents (8,9), although not consistently proven (10,11), evidence in humans is limited and restricted to a few post hoc studies using in large part inadequate methods to assess infant fat mass (12).The INFAT (The Impact of Nutritional Fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation for early human Adipose Tissue development) study addresses the question as to whether lowering the n-6/n-3 long-chain fatty acid (FA) ratio in the diet of pregnant and breastfeeding women may reduce adipose tissue growth early ...

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“…Было показано, что после рождения ферментные системы недоношенных младенцев характеризуются особенно низкой способностью метаболизировать эссенциальные жирные кислоты в ДЦПНЖК [51], что стало научным обо-снованием для обогащения смесей для питания недоно-шенных детей длинноцепочечными жирными кислотами.…”

Section: влияние обеспеченности дцпнжк на развитие и функционированиеunclassified

Modern Views on the Impact of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Development of the Child’s Nervous System

Макарова¹,

Вишнева²

2015

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Fatty Acids in Early Human Milk after Preterm and Full‐Term Delivery

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Whole Blood Fatty Acid Composition Differs in Term Versus Mildly Preterm Infants: Small Versus Matched Appropriate for Gestational Age

Whole Blood Fatty Acid Composition Differs in Term Versus Mildly Preterm Infants: Small Versus Matched Appropriate for Gestational Age

Breast milk fatty acid profile in relation to infant growth and body composition: results from the INFAT study

Modern Views on the Impact of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Development of the Child’s Nervous System

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