Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment

Dalsgaard, Johanne; John, Michael St.; Kattner, Gerhard; Müller-Navarra, Dörthe C.; Hagen, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(03)46005-7

Cited by 1,270 publications

(1,407 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…Under the action of ACAT (acyl CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase), oleic acid binds to cholesterol (Legrand, 2007).The formed Cholesterol esters represents the form of the transport of cholesterol in lipoproteins (Steffens, 1997). As reported by Dalsgaard et al (2003), high MUFAs level is an indicator of high degree of carnivory of this species. Indeed, according to the classification of fishes in functional groups based on their TROPH relation, S. scombrus is a pelagic and carnivorous fish species, fed only on the bases of animal species, mainly fish such as Sardina pilchardus and Crustaceans and Gasteropods (Stergiou and Karpouzi, 2002).…”

Section: Fatty Acids Compositionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fatty acids and amino acids contents in Scomber scombrus fillets from the South East of Tunisia

Salma¹,

Darej²,

Nizar³

2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Proximate composition, fats and amino acids of Atlantic Mackerel fillets (Scomber scombrus) from the South East of Tunisia in different seasons, were analyzed in order to assess nutritive characteristics of this species. Samples were collected monthly from Zarzis fishing port located in the South-East of Tunisia. Total fats and protein contents varied significantly (P<0.05) according to the season. The highest values were obtained in spring (11.53 and 24.1% DM, respectively). Gas chromatography analysis showed the existence of saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids. Palmitic and stearic acids were the major fatty acids in SFA family. Palmitoleic and oleic acids were the predominant in MUFA family. Arachidonic acid was the dominant in n-6 PUFA family. While eicosapentanoic (EPA) and docosahexanoic (DHA) were the most abundant in n-3 PUFA series. We observed that high PUFAs percentages were related to those of n-3 PUFA family, mainly DHA which was present at a high level and varied significantly with season (P< 0.01) with the highest value in winter (40%). The n-6 PUFA series were present at low rates comparatively with those of n-3 PUFA series ranging between 4.5 and 5.7%. The highest level of n-6 PUFAs was observed for arachidonic acid in autumn 3.71%. The n-3/n-6 ratio exhibited the highest level in spring (11.02). The Atlantic Mackerel fillets were high in essential amino acids (34.59 g/100 g of proteins). The highest rates were noted for phenylalanine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine and methionine. It was concluded that Atlantic Mackerel was high in interesting human feeding nutriments, mainly PUFA and essential amino Acids. Even when significant, differences between seasons were not drastic and S. scombrus could be consumed during all the year.

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Section: Fatty Acids Compositionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fatty acids and amino acids contents in Scomber scombrus fillets from the South East of Tunisia

Salma¹,

Darej²,

Nizar³

2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…In the Oyashio region, both copepods are known to accumulate and biosynthesize substantial quantities of lipids in the surface layer mainly during the spring bloom season, and undergo winter diapause in deeper layers (Ikeda et al, 1990;Kobari and Ikeda, 1999;Tsuda et al, 2001;Shoden et al, 2005) similar to other copepods in cold waters (Dalsgaard et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2006). The major lipid components of the older stages of N. cristatus are wax esters with the important long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid and alcohol moieties, 20:1 and 22:1, whereas E. bungii contains substantial quantities of triacylglycerols with the major fatty acids 16:0, 16:1(n−7) and 20:5(n−3) (Saito and Kotani, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid and fatty acid/alcohol compositions of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii from various depths in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Yamada

Nishida

Graeve

et al. 2016

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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Lipids of Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii (C3 to adults), collected in March, May, and December from various depths (0-2000 m) were studied in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific. Total lipid and wax ester contents of younger N. cristatus stages increased during the development, being higher in May than in March and December. Major fatty acids of younger N. cristatus were 16:0, 20:5(n−3), and 22:6(n−3) and the dominant alcohols were 16:0, 16:1(n − 7), 20:1(n − 9)/(n −11) and 22:1(n −11). The energy-rich 20:1 and 22:1 moieties increased from the younger to the adult stages showing the importance of lipid biosynthesis which may be advantageous for successful overwintering and reproduction at depth. The 16:4(n − 1) fatty acid, characteristic of a diatom diet increased in May, particularly in the younger stages. Our results suggest that the diatom-dominated feeding mode of younger N. cristatus during the spring bloom is important for an effective accumulation of wax esters. In contrast to N. cristatus, E. bungii accumulated substantial amounts of triacylglycerols. The total lipid and triacylglycerol content increased slightly toward the older developmental stages. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1(n−7), 18:1(n−9) and (n−7), and 20:5(n−3). There was no evidence of developmental or seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition. The differences in the lipid storage modes of both copepods via wax esters or triacylglycerols are species-specific but their fatty acid compositions varied according to diet and developmental stage, especially in N. cristatus. These lipid characteristics are discussed in relation to reproduction, feeding modes, diapause and overwintering strategies.

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“…They can comprise of considerable amounts of neutral lipids, consisting of wax esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and diacylglycerol ethers as well as free fatty alcohols and sterols [1]. Beside these storage lipids, phospholipids are key components of bio-membranes, consisting mainly of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine with large amounts of the important omega-3 fatty acids, 22:6(n − 3) (DHA) and 20:5(n − 3) (EPA) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved separation and quantification of neutral and polar lipid classes by HPLC–ELSD using a monolithic silica phase: Application to exceptional marine lipids

Graeve

Janssen

2009

Journal of Chromatography B

122

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a b s t r a c tAn improved HPLC method is presented, which allows separation and quantification of a broad range of lipid classes of marine zooplankton with special regard to neutral lipids. Marine zooplankton species often produce high amounts of exceptional lipids, especially at high latitudes, in order to cope with the harsh environmental conditions and strong seasonality in food supply. Major neutral lipid classes are wax esters, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerol ethers, free fatty alcohols and sterols. Neutral and polar lipids were separated and identified on a monolithic silica column (Chromolith ® Performance-Si) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). The method resolves a broad spectrum of lipids, varying in polarity from squalene to lysophosphatidylcholine in a single run. The total run time was 35 min including column re-equilibration. The calibration was made at levels of 0.1-60 g lipid/injection, but a 10-15-fold greater amount can be injected if single lipid classes need to be separated, e.g. for further determination of individual fatty acids. The method was applied to representative Arctic zooplankton species (copepods, pteropods, euphausiids and ctenophores) that are known to biosynthesize in particular neutral lipids like diacylglycerol ethers and free fatty alcohols.

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Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment

Cited by 1,270 publications

References 272 publications

Fatty acids and amino acids contents in Scomber scombrus fillets from the South East of Tunisia

Fatty acids and amino acids contents in Scomber scombrus fillets from the South East of Tunisia

Lipid and fatty acid/alcohol compositions of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii from various depths in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific

Improved separation and quantification of neutral and polar lipid classes by HPLC–ELSD using a monolithic silica phase: Application to exceptional marine lipids

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