Fatty Acid Composition of Three Cultured Algal Species (<i>Isochvysis galbana, Chaetoceros gracilis</i> and <i>Chaetoceros calcitrans</i>) Used as Food for Bivalve Larvae

Napolitano, Guillermo E.; Ackman, R. G.; Ratnayake, W. M. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1990.tb00532.x

Cited by 80 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with those reported by others (e.g. Moureute et al, 1990;Napolitano et al, 1990). No significant qualitative difference in fatty acid composition was noted between nitrate or ammonium grown cells, or between N-deprived cells originating from these (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Changes in fatty acids, amino acids and carbon/nitrogen biomass during nitrogen starvation of ammonium- and nitrate-grownIsochrysis galbana

et al. 1992

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Growth of cells of Isochrysis galbana with either nitrate or ammonium as the N-source, and the effects of subsequent N-starvation of these cells, were compared. During exponential N-sufficient growth nitrate-grown cells had double the fatty acid content of the ammonium-grown cells but lower concentrations of a few amino acids. Following resuspension in N-free medium the fatty acid content of the ammonium-grown cells increased to that of the nitrate-grown cells, but there was no further increase in fatty acid content on a C-biomass or cellular basis during the following 4 days for either culture. Fatty acid synthesis was continuous during N-starvation, while it occurred during the light-phase only in exponential growth. The proportion of 18: ln9 fatty acid increased from 10 to 25% total fatty acids during N-starvation. Intracellular free amino acid content decreased in a similar manner in both cultures on N-starvation, the ratio of intracellular free amino-N/cell-C falling more rapidly than overall cellular N/C. It was concluded that optimal amino acid and fatty acid content would be attained by growth in the presence of excess nitrate. Measurements of chlorophyll and carotenoid content and of in vivo fluorescence indicated that these parameters had potential for monitoring the C and N biomass in cultures grown under relatively constant (not necessarily continuous) illumination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Changes in fatty acids, amino acids and carbon/nitrogen biomass during nitrogen starvation of ammonium- and nitrate-grownIsochrysis galbana

et al. 1992

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“…HUFA can be supplied directly or indirectly to fish larvae from various sources including Isochrysis galbana, Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia spp (Watanabe et al 1983, Opstad et al 1989, Napolitano et al 1990). Studies of the HUFA content of cod Gadus morhua have shown that both 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 are abundant in eggs and larvae, as well as nauplii of Calanus finmarchicus, an important food item for G. rnorhua larvae (Fraser et al 1988, Klungsoyr et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of growth, behavior and lipid concentrations of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma larvae fed lipid-enriched, lipid-deficient and field-collected prey

Davis¹,

Olla²

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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While growth and survival of marine fish larvae In the sea may be dependent on prey type, size and concentration, nutr~t~onal quality of prey may also play an important role. This study investigates the relationships of lipld content of prey with growth, gas bladder size, sinking rate, behavior and survival for larval walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Larvae fed lipid-deficient brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii had reduced growth, gas bladder size and survival. These larvae also had to swim almost continuously to maintain vertical position in the water column. In contrast, larvae fed wild-caught copepods or Artemia spp. enriched with lipid showed alternating swimming and resting bouts. The potential for vagaries in meteorological and oceanographic conditions to cause larval fish prey to be nutrient deficient is discussed.

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“…, Napolitano et al . ) and 18:3ω3 in green algae (Ahlgren, Gustafsson & Boberg, ; Steinman et al ., ; Torres‐Ruiz et al ., ), it is important to understand how environmental change may affect the concentration and composition of these limiting resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated light and nutrients alter the nutritional quality of stream periphyton

2013

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Summary The biochemical composition of primary food resources may affect secondary production, growth, reproduction and other physiological responses in consumers and may be an important driver of food‐web dynamics. Changes in land use, riparian clearing and non‐point nutrient inputs to streams have the potential to alter the biochemical composition of periphyton, and characterising this relationship may be critical to understand the processes by which environmental change can affect food webs and ecosystem function. We conducted a manipulative, in situ experiment to examine the effect of light and nutrient availability on stream periphyton biomass, nutrient content, stoichiometry and fatty acid composition. Greater light increased periphyton biomass [chl‐a, ash‐free dry mass (AFDM)], periphyton carbon concentrations and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), but decreased saturated fatty acids (SAFAs). Greater light availability also increased levels of <20C polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but decreased quantities of several long‐chain (20–22 C), highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs). Nutrient (+N, +P) addition had no significant effect on periphyton biomass in the study streams, but did increase periphyton carbon content. For fatty acids, despite non‐significant effects on periphyton biomass, nutrient additions resulted in an increased ratio of SAFA to PUFA, greater concentrations of stearidonic acid (18:4ω3) and near‐significant increases in α‐linolenic acid (18:3ω3). Nutrient additions also resulted in decreased quantities of the physiologically important docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3) and increased the ratio of omega‐3 to omega‐6 fatty acids. An interaction between nutrient addition and greater light also resulted in decreased percentages of another physiologically important fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3). Results from this study suggest that increased light and nutrients, a condition common in urban and agricultural catchments, would increase 18C PUFA intermediates that would be available in periphyton food sources, but decrease the availability of essential 20‐22C HUFAs. If stream consumers are unable to elongate PUFAs into essential HUFAs, there may be important effects on food webs, including shifts by invertebrate consumers from herbivory to omnivory or carnivory, or changes in the species composition of aquatic consumers. Our results demonstrate that fatty acid measures were more sensitive to changes in light and nutrient conditions than more traditional measures of biomass, nutrient content and stoichiometry. We recommend routine measurement of fatty acid content in monitoring the effect of changing environmental conditions in rivers and streams, particularly studies on food quality and ecosystem health.

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Fatty Acid Composition of Three Cultured Algal Species (Isochvysis galbana, Chaetoceros gracilis and Chaetoceros calcitrans) Used as Food for Bivalve Larvae

Cited by 80 publications

References 40 publications

Changes in fatty acids, amino acids and carbon/nitrogen biomass during nitrogen starvation of ammonium- and nitrate-grownIsochrysis galbana

Changes in fatty acids, amino acids and carbon/nitrogen biomass during nitrogen starvation of ammonium- and nitrate-grownIsochrysis galbana

Comparison of growth, behavior and lipid concentrations of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma larvae fed lipid-enriched, lipid-deficient and field-collected prey

Elevated light and nutrients alter the nutritional quality of stream periphyton

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