Fatty acid composition of neutral lipid: Classes of Citrus seed oil

Waheed, Amran; Mahmud, Shahid; Saleem, Muhammad; Ahmad, Tauqeer

doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2009.10.007

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Figure 1 shows the chromatogram of the fatty acid profile of Pera-rio seed oil. Waheed et al (2009) found in Citrus sinensis seed oils saturated fatty acid content of 41.2% and 58.8% of unsaturated, these values are consistent with those obtained in this work.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In total we identified 11 fatty acids, being palmitic acids (21.72 to 37.18%), oleic (24.58 to 29.31%) and linoleic acid (21.32 to 31.86%) detected in larger amounts for the four varieties. Waheed et al (2009) while studying the fatty acid composition of seed oil of Citrus sinensis also found as major acids, palmitic acid, 31.37%, oleic 22.89% and linoleic, 30.53%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Other authors also found high levels of lipids in orange, tangerine, and lemon seeds (Ajewole and Adeyeye, 1993;Lazos and Servos, 1988;Reda et al, 2005). By analyzing the oranges families Citrus sinensis, aurantium and paradisi, Waheed et al (2009) found levels of 36.52, 30.07 and 21.80%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hernández-Montoya et al (2009) analyzing Citrus sinensis embryo and husk humidity, have found 3.83 and 9.09% respectively. Waheed et al (2009) obtained 13.5% moisture for Citrus sinensis seeds. Singh et al (2002), in oil extraction by pressing studies on process optimization, reported the importance of defining an optimal range for moisture, since it was observed that very high values are friction reducers of the grain mass, causing a low yield extraction, whereas very low levels impair the functioning of the press.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Physico-chemical Characterization of Seed Oils Extracted from Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Aranha

Jorge

2013

FSTR

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This study aimed to characterize the seeds of oranges, varieties Hamlin, Natal, Pera-rio and Valencia, on the composition and physico-chemical properties of its oil through the determination of free fatty acids, peroxide value, refraction, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and differences between the average results were tested at 5% probability by Tukey test. The orange seed oils showed high levels of lipids, about 40%, and showed a low degree of degradation, when analyzing the free fatty acids and peroxide value. It was found through the fatty acid profile and refraction and iodine indexes seed oil, Pera-rio orange was the most unsaturated. The seed oil, Valencia orange had a higher oxidative stability in Rancimat at 100℃.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Physico-chemical Characterization of Seed Oils Extracted from Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Aranha

Jorge

2013

FSTR

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“…Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major components in all the lipids and lipid classes studied (Waheed et al, 2009 Lazos andServos (1988) andhabib et al (1986). Shibahara et al (1987) determined 11.7-21.5% palmitic, 1.0-1.7% stearic, 3.9-27.5% oleic, 3.9-22.3% cis-oleic, 18.0-36.2% linoleic and 7.2-16.0% linolenic acids in the pulp lipids of lemon, grapefruit, sweet orange and Japanese mandarin.…”

Section: Chemical Evaluation Of Citrus Seeds An Agro-industrial Wastmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical evaluation of citrus seeds, an agro-industrial waste, as a new potential source of vegetable oils

Matthäus¹,

Özcan²

2012

Grasas y Aceites

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3130.8 and 21.0 mg/100 g. The predominant isomers were α-and γ-tocopherol, with approximate equal amounts between about 0.4 and 17.5 mg/100 g. The total sterol contents of the oils were found between 1310.54 and 3986.58 mg/kg, with β-sitosterol as the predominant sterol that accounted for more than 70% of the total amount of sterols. Other sterols, campesterol (8.03-15.26%), stigmasterol (2.55-7.69%), ∆5-avenasterol (1.80-5.67%), cholesterol (0.83-2.70%) and chlerosterol (0.93-1.78%) were detected in most of the oils. The results of the present study indicate that the seed oils of Citrus fruits are considered to be a potential oil source due to their fatty acid composition and important tocopherol and sterol, and might be used for edible applications as well as the production of potential value-added products. KEY-WORDS: Citrus -Oil -Fatty acids -Seeds -Sterols -Rutaceae -Tocopherols. INTRODUCTIONThe Citrus species, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is an annual plant that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean countries of the Middle East and Southern Europe but also grows abundantly in other warm climates worldwide. The plants of most species of Citrus are large evergreen shrubs or small trees, and their fruits are among the most important tree fruit crops in the world. Citrus fruits are of great economic importance because of their varied uses (Saidani et al., 2004).Citrus species are of prime economic importance in both fresh and processed fruit markets. Consequently, large amounts of Citrus seeds are discharged at processing plants. At present Citrus fruits are processed to produce juice, jam or marmalade and the wastes of this industry such as peels, seeds and pulps represent about 50% of the raw processed fruit (Ben Gern, 1967). This not only wastes a potentially valuable resource, but also aggravates already serious disposal problems. So, expansion in the Citrus industry in recent years attracts attention to the further use of the Citrus seeds as a potential source for other nutrients. Obviously, such an objective would improve the utilization of the

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Supercritical CO₂ Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils

Rosa

Era

Masala

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Seeds of Citrus plants (Rutaceae), an major agro‐industrial waste, are a potential source of valuable by‐products. The chemical composition, the antioxidant profile, and the biological/nutritional properties of fixed oils (SFE oils) obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction (at 300 bar and 40 °C) from seeds of mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon), and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), discarded by a local agro‐alimentary industry are studied. The yields and compositions of SFE oils are compared to oils obtained by n‐hexane extraction of Citrus seeds in a Soxhlet apparatus (SoxE oils). Linoleic (35–42%), oleic (22–28%), palmitic (21–25%), α‐linolenic (4–10%), and stearic (4–7%) are the main oil fatty acids, while monolinolein and dilinolein derivatives represent the main triacylglycerols in SFE oils, determined by GC‐FID and HPLC‐DAD/ELSD techniques. Citrus SFE oils show lower yields than SoxE oils but similar chemical profiles. Principal components analysis applied to fatty acid and triacylglycerol data indicates that the oils from different seeds are tightly clustered. Moreover, SFE oils show radical scavenging activities (ABTS assays), an inhibitory effect on the growth of murine B16F10 melanoma cells and on the mushroom tyrosinase activity. Citrus SFE oils and de‐coated seeds are also evaluated for their attractant effect on the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata by behavioral assays. The results qualify Citrus SFE oils as a potential natural, environmentally‐friendly, resource for food/pharmaceutical applications. Practical Applications: The environmentally‐friendly supercritical CO2 extraction of waste lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit seeds gives edible fixed oils a richness in essential fatty acids, suitable for human nutrition and the preparation of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Edible fixed oils obtained from lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit seeds by SFE‐CO2 extraction show high levels of essential fatty acids, antioxidant, anticancer, and antityrosinase activity.

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Fatty acid composition of neutral lipid: Classes of Citrus seed oil

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

Physico-chemical Characterization of Seed Oils Extracted from Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Physico-chemical Characterization of Seed Oils Extracted from Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Chemical evaluation of citrus seeds, an agro-industrial waste, as a new potential source of vegetable oils

Supercritical CO₂ Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils

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Fatty acid composition of neutral lipid: Classes of Citrus seed oil

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

Physico-chemical Characterization of Seed Oils Extracted from Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Physico-chemical Characterization of Seed Oils Extracted from Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Chemical evaluation of citrus seeds, an agro-industrial waste, as a new potential source of vegetable oils

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils

Contact Info

Product

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Supercritical CO₂ Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils