Fatty acid composition as an indicator of carnivory in Antarctic krill, <i>Euphausia superba</i>

Cripps, G.C.; Atkinson, Angus

doi:10.1139/f00-167

Cited by 104 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2). PUFA/SFA ratios [proposed as an index of carnivory; (Cripps and Atkinson, 2000)] increased with development in C3 mysids; otherwise, the ratios fluctuated near 2.0 and were largely independent of the bloom (data not shown). In C2 and C3, 18:1o9/18:1o7 (carnivory marker; Graeve et al, 1997) peaked at 8.0 and then returned to $5.0 before the bloom (Fig.…”

Section: Dietary Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal and developmental variation in the fatty acid composition of Mysis mixta (Mysidacea) and Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Amphipoda) from the hyperbenthos of a cold-ocean environment (Conception Bay, Newfoundland)

Richoux¹,

Deibel²,

Thompson³

et al. 2005

Journal of Plankton Research

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Fatty acid composition in different life-history stages of Mysis mixta (Crustacea, Mysidacea) and Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Conception Bay, Newfoundland, was examined throughout 1999 and 2000. The primary aim was to relate the seasonal fatty acid dynamics to each species' life cycle and to published information on the occurrence and quality of the annual phytoplankton bloom. Divergent patterns in fatty acid composition and specific fatty acid marker ratios reflected different life styles, diets and critical periods of energy accumulation and utilization in M. mixta and A. malmgreni. Changes in fatty acids reflected the sequence of plankton taxa during and following the spring bloom, starting with diatoms and dinoflagellates and ending with copepods. Immature mysids exhibited a particularly rapid accumulation of diatom-associated fatty acids at the start of the spring bloom, probably owing to the high degree of motility of M. mixta and the broad range of prey types available to this species. In contrast, immature amphipods did not begin to accumulate significant amounts of phytoplankton fatty acids until after the spring bloom material had settled to the hyperbenthos in May. Differences in fatty acid composition indicated that A. malmgreni was restricted to a lower quality diet than was M. mixta and that the trophic connection between A. malmgreni and production in the euphotic zone was weaker.

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Section: Dietary Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal and developmental variation in the fatty acid composition of Mysis mixta (Mysidacea) and Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Amphipoda) from the hyperbenthos of a cold-ocean environment (Conception Bay, Newfoundland)

Richoux¹,

Deibel²,

Thompson³

et al. 2005

Journal of Plankton Research

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“…Ratios among fatty acids have also been used to clarify the dominant trophic interactions between zooplankton and phytoplankton or zooplankton and higher trophic levels. The ratios EPA/DHA, PUFA/SFA, 18:1n-9/18:1n-7 or 18:1n-9/16:1n-7 have often been used to discriminate between herbivores, omnivores and carnivores, for example (Cripps & Atkinson 2000, Auel et al 2002, Phleger et al 2002. However, the concept of specific markers or ratios is of limited value to a study dealing with trophic interactions of higher marine predators or large-scale comparisons.…”

Section: Use Of Fatty Alcohol and Fatty Acid Patterns In Trophic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid composition of stomach oil in a procellariiform seabird Puffinus tenuirostris: implications for food web studies

Connan¹,

Mayzaud²,

Boutoute³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Some procellariiform seabirds use a dual strategy for provisioning their chicks by alternating between short and long foraging trips (LT). Trophic relationships of adult birds are unknown when they feed for themselves during LT because digestion processes preclude direct prey determination. Since stomach contents collected after LT contain oil of dietary origin, we tested the use of oil lipids as prey trophic markers using the Tasmanian short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris as a model seabird. The intra-specific variability of stomach oils was investigated through lipid class composition, and their fatty acid and fatty alcohol profiles. Oils mainly consisted of wax esters (WE) and triacylglycerols (TAG) (49 to 86 and 7 to 41%, respectively). Major fatty acids of TAG were in a decreasing order 18:1n-9, 16:0, 16:1n-7, 14:0, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. The WE-fatty acid profiles were dominated by 18:1n-9 and 16:1n-7 while fatty alcohol profiles were dominated by 16:0. Fatty alcohol and fatty acid patterns were tested as possible descriptors of ingested prey (derived from literature data) through multivariate discriminant analyses. Comparisons of the WE fatty alcohol patterns showed a close association with the alcohol structure of 3 myctophid fish species namely Krefftichthys anderssoni, Gymnoscopelus braueri and Electrona antarctica; these results were corroborated by WE fatty acid analysis. Comparison of TAG fatty acid patterns showed the highest similarity between oils and the digestive gland of the myctophid-eater squid Moroteuthis ingens in association with the myctophid Electrona carlsbergi. Hence, biochemical analysis of both WE and TAG strongly suggested that adult short-tailed shearwaters mainly prey upon Antarctic/subAntarctic myctophids when they feed for themselves, thus emphasizing the role of these oceanic mesopelagic fish in the marine ecosystem of the Southern Ocean.

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“…This approach has been increasingly applied to studies of the feeding ecology of Antarctic krill in the field (Cripps & Hill 1998, Cripps et al 1999, Cripps & Atkinson 2000, Phleger et al 2002.…”

Section: Fatty Acids In Dg As Dietary Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Alonzo¹,

Virtue²,

Nicol³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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To examine the potential of lipids as dietary markers in Euphausia superba Dana, juvenile krill were fed 4 phytoplankton diets (diatoms, cryptomonads, dinoflagellates and thraustochytrids over a range of food concentrations) and 2 species of zooplankton (rotifers and Artemia sp.) for 20 d. Lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition were analysed for whole krill and digestive glands (DG). Changes detected in whole krill were almost entirely associated with the lipid variability observed in DG. With marked diet-induced changes, DG lipids were the major repository for the trophic signal in krill. DG lipid content increased in krill fed on phytoplankton due to the accumulation of polar lipid (0.5 mg per DG) and triacylglycerol (up to 1.7 mg per DG). Herbivorous diets induced distinct FA signatures in the DG, characterised by higher proportions of: 16:1ω7 and 20:5ω3 in diatom-fed krill; 18:1ω9 and 18:4ω3 in cryptomonad-fed krill; 18:1ω9, 18:4ω3+18:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 in dinoflagellate-fed krill; and 14:0 and 22:6ω3 in thraustochytrid-fed krill. Dietary FA markers increased in relative proportion (% total FA) in the DG with increasing concentration of each particular food. Krill fed rotifers or Artemia sp. showed relatively low DG lipid content, with only slightly higher proportions of 18:2ω6 than observed with phytoplankton diets. Zooplankton diets induced no significant difference in FA composition in relation to the species of zooplankton used as prey or to the algal type consumed by these prey.

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Fatty acid composition as an indicator of carnivory in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba

Cited by 104 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonal and developmental variation in the fatty acid composition of Mysis mixta (Mysidacea) and Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Amphipoda) from the hyperbenthos of a cold-ocean environment (Conception Bay, Newfoundland)

Seasonal and developmental variation in the fatty acid composition of Mysis mixta (Mysidacea) and Acanthostepheia malmgreni (Amphipoda) from the hyperbenthos of a cold-ocean environment (Conception Bay, Newfoundland)

Lipid composition of stomach oil in a procellariiform seabird Puffinus tenuirostris: implications for food web studies

Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

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