Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant, and in vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Five Cold-Pressed Prunus Seed Oils, and Their Anti-biofilm Effect Against Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Background/Aim: Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) oil is one of the most famous cold-pressed seed oils. However, other species of Prunus can provide oils with healthy properties. We analyzed the fatty acid (FA) composition, as well as the antioxidant, the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties, and the antibiofilm activity of five commercial vegetable cold-pressed seed oils of apricot, peach, plum, cherry, and black cherry.Methods: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was performed for the analysis of FAs The antioxidant property of the oils was carried using different tests [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay)], Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and the 2, 20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+). The denaturation assay performed on bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-biofilm activity was assessed using five pathogenic strains, namely, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, through the crystal violet test and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), used to evaluate the metabolism of the microbial cells present within the biofilm.Results: Oleic acid and linoleic acids were the most abundant FAs. Black cherry seed oil exhibited the best antioxidant activity, but in general, the amount of oil needed to inhibit the activity of 1 ml of DPPH assay at 50% did not exceed 10 μg. The extract concentration for the 50% inhibition of the denaturation of the protein (IC50) did not exceed 4.4 μg. Linoleic and stearic acids affected the antioxidant activity of the oils; oleic acid, linolenic, and palmitoleic acids exhibited beneficial effects in preserving the BSA denaturation, as shown by the correlation data. The oils were able to inhibit the biofilm formation of the pathogens (up to 71.40% of inhibition) as well as act against their mature biofilm, although with different strengths, with values up to 61.54%. Concurrently, they also acted on the pathogen metabolism.Conclusion: The oils represent a valuable source of some healthy FAs. They showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro activity, in addition, their potential effect on the biofilm can offer important ideas for research and reflection on their use as functional foods and/or ingredients.

Chemistry and Bioactivities of Six Tunisian Eucalyptus Species

“…The capacity of the EOs to influence the bacterial biofilm formation was evaluated in flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates (Falcon ® , VWR International, Milano, Italy) [ 69 ]. Before the test, the overnight bacterial cultures were adjusted to 0.5 McFarland with fresh culture broth.…”

“…The effect of EOs on the metabolic activity of the sessile bacterial cells was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method [ 69 ], using 96-well microtiter plates. The overnight bacterial cultures were adjusted to 0.5 McFarland, and the plates with 10 or 20 μl/mL of each EO and LB up to 250 μL were prepared as previously described.…”

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Bulbs and Aerial Parts of Two Cultivars of Allium sativum and Their Antibiofilm Activity against Food and Nosocomial Pathogens

“…However, Fratianni et al [ 48 ], analyzing the action of different types of honey on some pathogenic bacteria, observed that the inhibitory effect on biofilm formation is not always correlated with an analog effect on the bacterial metabolism within the biofilm. Similarly, the action of different seed oils against A. baumannii , E. coli , L. monocytogenes , P. aeruginosa , and S. aureus was sometimes different, depending on the microorganism [ 49 ].…”

Human Cryptic Host Defence Peptide GVF27 Exhibits Anti-Infective Properties against Biofilm Forming Members of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex

“…Analyses were performed at the last three times. MTT assays were carried out also to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of GVF27 on the metabolic activity of the bacterial cells [45]. Briefly, bacteria were grown overnight at 37 • C and then diluted to 4×10 8 CFU/mL in 0.5× MHB.…”