Fatty acid composition and estimated desaturase activities are associated with obesity and lifestyle variables in men and women

Warensjö, Eva; Öhrvall, Màrgàretà; Vessby, Bengt

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.06.001

Cited by 221 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Further, D6 DA was also adversely associated with other CVD risk factors, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-and HDLcholesterol. An inverse relation was observed of D5 DA with fasting insulin and triglycerides, independent of BMI, which is consistent with some studies conducted in adults 4,14,26,28 and in adolescents 18 Insulin resistance M lbm was not related to DA ratios or any of the individual serum PL or CE fatty acids in our study. However, individual fatty acids may influence insulin action in adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…3,4,14,19,25,26 A similar pattern was observed in obese children in our study and others, 16,27 although study results have been inconsistent. 18 Desaturase activity Consistent with most previous studies of adults 4,11,14,28 and children, 16,18 we found that the estimated activities of D6 and D9 DAs were positively associated with adiposity and insulin measures in our study of adolescents. Further, D6 DA was also adversely associated with other CVD risk factors, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-and HDLcholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Gender differences have been reported for D9 DA, with higher activity in women than men. 28 There was a large number of boys and girls enrolled, enabling us to show no gender difference in D9 DA in this age group. An important strength is the measurement of insulin sensitivity using the 'gold standard' euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.…”

Section: Monounsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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Aim/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to describe the relation of serum fatty acids and desaturase activity (DA) to overweight, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents. Methods: The relations of % serum phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acids and estimated DA with CVD risk factors were examined in 264 adolescents (average age 15 years). Fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromotography. Surrogate measures of DA were expressed as ratios of serum fatty acids: D9 DA ¼ 16:0/16:1; D6 DA ¼ 20:3,n6/18:2,n6 (PL) or 18:3,n6/18:2,n6 (CE); and D5 DA ¼ 20:4,n6/20:3,n6. Spearman partial correlations of fatty acids (%) and DA ratios with CVD risk factors were reported, adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake and physical activity. Results: Overweight adolescents compared to normal weight had more adverse levels of CVD risk factors, composition of PL and CE fatty acids in serum, and D6 DA and D5 DA ratios. Linoleic acid was inversely related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and triglycerides (Pp0.01). Dihomo-g-linolenic acid was positively related to BMI, waist, insulin, and triglycerides, and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (Pp0.01). D6 DA was adversely associated with most of the risk factors (Pp0.01), whereas triglycerides and fasting insulin were beneficially related to D5 DA (Pp0.01). Conclusion: These findings support those observed in adults, that factors, such as type of dietary fat, physical activity, and obesity, may influence fatty acid metabolism and are important in the development of adverse CVD risk factors as early as adolescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Monounsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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“…The underlying explanation is not clear, but includes enhanced phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrates and activation of AMP-kinase [25]. Human studies report relationships between estimates of hepatic SCD activity and both plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and obesity [7,8,26]. However, these studies have not addressed desaturation activity in adipose tissue, since fatty acid ratios derived from circulating lipids primarily reflect hepatic desaturation activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid desaturases in human adipose tissue: relationships between gene expression, desaturation indexes and insulin resistance

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis Fatty acid desaturases introduce double bonds into growing fatty acid chains. The key desaturases in humans are Δ 5 -desaturase (D5D), Δ 6 -desaturase (D6D) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Animal and human data implicate hepatic desaturase activities in insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia. However, the role of desaturase activity in adipose tissue is uncertain. We therefore evaluated relationships between adipose mRNA expression, estimated desaturase activities (fatty acid ratios) in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Methods Subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression of D5D (also known as FADS1), D6D (also known as FADS2) and SCD was determined in 75 individuals representative of the study population of 294 healthy 63-year-old men.Desaturation indexes (product/substrate fatty acid ratios) were generated from adipose tissue fatty acid composition in all individuals. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper quartile of the updated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-2) index. Results The relevant desaturation indexes (16:1/16:0, 18:1/18:0, 20:4/20:3 and 18:3/18:2) reflected expression of SCD, but not of D5D or D6D in adipose tissue. Insulin-resistant individuals had a higher adipose tissue 18:1/18:0, but not 16:1/16:0 ratio than insulin-sensitive individuals. Individuals with a high adipose tissue 18:1/18:0 ratio were 4.4-fold (95% CI 1.8-11.8) more likely to be insulin resistant [threefold (95% CI 1.1-8.6) after adjustment for waist circumference and plasma triacylglycerol]. In a multiple regression model predicting HOMA-2, the independent effect of the 18:1/18:0 ratio was borderline (p=0.086). Conclusions/interpretation Adipose tissue desaturation indexes of SCD reflect the expression of the gene encoding the enzyme in this tissue. Elevated SCD activity within adipose tissue is closely coupled to the development of insulin resistance. Diabetologia (2008) 51:328-335 Keywords

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“…22 Briefly, the lipids from plasma (200 ml) were extracted with chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) in the presence of authentic internal standards by the method of Folch et al 25 Individual lipid classes within the extract were separated by preparative chromatography as described by Watkins et al 26 [28][29][30] The absolute value for each fatty acid metabolite was used for calculating ratios. Significant changes in such ratios were based on comparing patients and controls or upon treatment with antipsychotics.…”

Section: Lipid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia

Kaddurah‐Daouk

McEvoy

Baillie³

et al. 2007

Mol Psychiatry

235

181

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Schizophrenia is associated with impairments in neurotransmitter systems and changes in neuronal membrane phospholipids. Several atypical antipsychotic drugs induce weight gain and hypertriglyceridemia. To date, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation and mapping of global lipid changes in schizophrenia, and upon treatment with antipsychotics. Such mapping could provide novel insights about disease mechanisms and metabolic side effects of therapies used for its treatment. We used a specialized metabolomics platform 'lipidomics' that quantifies over 300 polar and nonpolar lipid metabolites (across seven lipid classes) to evaluate global lipid changes in schizophrenia and upon treatment with three commonly used atypical antipsychotics. Lipid profiles were derived for 50 patients with schizophrenia before and after treatment for 2-3 weeks with olanzapine (n = 20), risperidone (n = 14) or aripiprazole (n = 16). Patients were recruited in two cohorts (study I, n = 27 and study II, n = 23) to permit an internal replication analyses. The change from baseline to post-treatment was then compared among the three drugs. Olanzapine and risperidone affected a much broader range of lipid classes than aripiprazole. Approximately 50 lipids tended to be increased with both risperidone and olanzapine and concentrations of triacylglycerols increased and free fatty acids decreased with both drugs but not with aripiprazole. Phosphatidylethanolamine concentrations that were suppressed in patients with schizophrenia were raised by all three drugs. Drug specific differences were also detected. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified baseline lipid alterations, which correlated with acute treatment response. A more definitive long-term randomized study of these drugs correlating global lipid changes with clinical outcomes could yield biomarkers that define drug-response phenotypes.

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Fatty acid composition and estimated desaturase activities are associated with obesity and lifestyle variables in men and women

Cited by 221 publications

References 36 publications

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Fatty acid desaturases in human adipose tissue: relationships between gene expression, desaturation indexes and insulin resistance

Metabolomic mapping of atypical antipsychotic effects in schizophrenia

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