Fatty Acid Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil

Abstract

Pneumonia and skin diseases are some types of severe infections occur worldwide due to pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These bacteria's do contribute towards other infections in human and thus lead towards unhealthy life. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition and to investigate the toxic effect of seed oil of Neem, genus Azadirachta of Azadirachta indica (Family: Meliaceae) against two multi-drug resistant bacteria, namely; E. coli and S. aureus. The oil was extracted for 6 h through soxhlet method using hexane as solvent. The fatty acid composition was analyzed via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition resulted in detection of 8 fatty acids, whereby the dominant compound is linoleic acid of 34.69% and followed by oleic-, stearic-, palmitic-, arachidic-, behenic-, lignoceric-, and palmiticoleic acid at the percentage of 20.46, 20.42, 18.66, 3.59, 0.80, 0.55, and 0.17%, respectively. The bioassays were conducted through in vitro activity via disc diffusion method with five (5, 20, 50, 80, and 100 mg/mL) different concentrations. Streptomycin and 1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The bioassay provided inhibition zone that lies between 8.7 to 11.7 mm and 8.7 to 13.0 mm for E. coli and S. aureus respectively at the concentration of 5 to 100 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity of Neem (A indica) seed oil against these bacteria depends on the correlation of its concentration and thus isolation of bioactive components should be conducted.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss Based Emollient Cream for Potential Dermatological Applications

“…Their lipid numbers have been further identified and their relative percentages recorded by mass spectrometry as shown in Table 1. These are mainly substituted and methylated octanoic and decanoic acids as also reported by other workers [18] . Undecanoic acid is an active ingredient of medications used in the treatment of Candida albicans skin infection [19] and has antiseborrheic property.…”

Efficacy of some Essential Oils on Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

“…Similar results were obtained by Akpuaka et al (2012) and Atabani et al (2013) who proved that neem oil has different fatty acids with different proportions and linoleic acid. Also, Sandanasamy et al (2013) demonstrated that linoleic acid is the main component in neem oil.…”

Pytochemical Characterization, Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) Seed Oil in Wistar Rat Models

“…By 2030 it is expected to increase to 7.7% and affecting 438 million adults. Between 2010 and 2030, there is an expected 69% increase in numbers of adults with diabetes in developing countries and a 20% increase in developed countries [5][6][7][8][9]. The agestandardized prevalence of diabetes in the rural and urban population ranged from 0.8% to 1.6% among adult Cameroonians.…”

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the worlds' populations uses traditional medicine. The continued use of traditional medicines is linked to their low cost and a general belief that they have minimal side effects [9][10][11][12].…”

“…Medicinal plants have also served as valuable starting materials for drug development in both developing and developed countries [9][10][11][12][13]. It has been estimated that approximately one fourth of prescription medicines worldwide are derived from plants [14,15].…”