Fatores associados a padrões alimentares em adolescentes: um estudo de base escolar em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

Abstract

Objective: To identify dietary patterns among adolescents and to assess their association with socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics and nutritional status. Methods: A probabilistic clustered two-stage sample of students between 14 and 19 years old from public and private high schools from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, was investigated (n = 1.139). A selfadministered food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain information on food intake. Nutritional status was classified according to the Body Mass Index (BMI = weight/height 2 ) z-score. Socioeconomic status was inferred by the education level of head of household and by the presence of electrical appliances in the household. Dietary patterns were identified by applying exploratory factor analysis (extraction method: principal component analysis) and their relationship with socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle variables, and nutritional status was estimated by mutually adjusted multilinear regression models. Results: "Western", "traditional" and "mixed" dietary patterns were identified. Studying in the morning hours and reporting the intake of alcoholic beverages were associated with greater adherence to the "Western" pattern. Male low-income students from public schools who have a BMI in the normal range preferred the "traditional" pattern. The "mixed" pattern was adopted by boys from public schools reporting physical activity. Conclusion: Several factors were associated with dietary patterns of adolescents and the Brazilian traditional diet was associated with normal weight.

Association of eating patterns and abdominal adiposity in Brazilian

“…It is similar to patterns found by Gutiérrez-Pliego et al [3], named as "high protein and animal fat", in a study with the Spanish population, and by Rodrigues et al [26] and Ferreira et al [27], in studies with the Brazilian population, who named the patterns as "western and snacks" and "weekend meals", respectively.…”

Padrões alimentares de escolares: existem diferenças entre crianças e adolescentes?

“…This pattern of food consumption is similar to that identified in children from Salvador, consisting of fried foods, sweets, snacks and soda/artificial juice 25 . The "Western" food pattern observed in adolescents from Mato Grosso, also characterized by processed foods, dairy products, processed meats, sweetened drinks, fast food, fried banana and sweets 24 , with the exception of fruits and beans, was also similar to patterns found in this study.…”

“…The bean/milk/yogurt pattern was characterized by high consumption of milk and yogurt and intermediate consumption of beans, which represent healthy aspects of the traditional Brazilian dietary pattern 24 . Rodrigues et al 24 identified a similar eating pattern, also composed predominantly by beans and milk, in teenagers of Mato Grosso, but they named it as "traditional" pattern.…”

“…Rodrigues et al 24 identified a similar eating pattern, also composed predominantly by beans and milk, in teenagers of Mato Grosso, but they named it as "traditional" pattern. The pattern showed association with adolescents with no excess weight, which can indicate its nutritional appropriateness.…”

Multiple risk behaviors for non-communicable diseases and associated factors in adolescents

“…-Inadequate food consumption: food consumption was evaluated using an FFQ validated for adults of Cuiabá 22 , which was modified to be administered in adolescents 23 . The FFQ consisted of 76 food items, with up to three options of standard portions for reporting the quantities consumed and eight response options for consumption frequency, ranging from more than three times/day to never or almost never.…”