Fatliquoring potentials of sulphonated Hura crepitans L seed oil

Nkwor, Adachukwu N.; Ukoha, P. O.; Flowers, Karl; Wise, William R.

doi:10.24264/lfj.19.2.2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…The sulphonation of Afzelia africana aril cap oil was carried out as described by Nkwor et al [10]. In a typical experiment, concentrated sulphuric acid (45 ml) was added dropwise into 150 g of (A. africana) aril cap oil (with constant stirring at 20 C for 2 h).…”

Section: Sulphonation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the leather fatliquoring potential of sulphonated Afzelia africana aril cap oil

Nkwor

Ukoha

2020

Heliyon

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The synthesis, properties, characterization and sulphonation of Afzelia africana aril cap oil were examined to establish its leather fatliquoring potential. The analysis of the Afzelia africana aril cap oil before and after the completion of sulphonation process was carried out in order to confirm the modification of the oil. The physicochemical properties showed a marked difference between both analyzed oils as the melting point, acid value, free fatty acid, iodine value, saponification value and % SO 3 of the unsulphonated/sulphonated oil were observed to be 6.39 C; 19.90 C, 12.99 mg KOH/g; 0.50 mg KOH/g, 6.50; 5.25, 77 g iodine/100g; 21 g iodine/100g, 185 mg KOH; 176 mg KOH and nil; 3.92 % respectively. The fatliquoring potential was examined and compared with commercial fatliquor using standard methods. A significant improvement in the lubrication and mechanical properties of the leather treated with the sulphonated Afzelia africana aril cap oil was revealed by Sudan stain and Tensile strength; Double edge Tear; Elongation at break test results respectively. The improved lubrication and mechanical properties of the treated leather compared favourably with commercial fatliquor. This study shows that aril caps of A. africana of no commercial value can be a source of fatliquor for the leather industry.

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Section: Sulphonation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the leather fatliquoring potential of sulphonated Afzelia africana aril cap oil

Nkwor

Ukoha

2020

Heliyon

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Synthesis of sulfonated Sesamum indicum L. seed oil and its application as a fatliquor in leather processing

Nkwor¹,

Ukoha

Ifijen

2021

J Leather Sci Eng

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Fatliquor is an oil-in-water emulsion that improves the physical properties of leather such as tensile strength, flexibility, and softness by lubricating the leather fibres. Sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil was synthesized, characterized, and examined for consideration as a substitute for imported fatliquor in Nigeria. The sulfonation of the oil was confirmed by the significant observations made in the FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 13C NMR DEPT analysis results. A remarkable difference was observed in the physicochemical properties results of both unsulfonated and sulfonated oils. The sulfonated sesame fatliquor was applied onto goatskin and compared with a commercial sulfated fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather using standard methods. The average results for tensile strength, double edge tear, elongation, and softness results for the commercial and synthesized fatliquors are as follows: 14.27 N/mm2; 13.77 N/mm2, 50.61 N; 60.11 N, 38.06%; 54.28%, 25.2; 25.0. A comparable level of lubrication of the leather treated with the sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil and that treated with the commercial leather fatliquor was revealed by the Sudan IV stain test as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis results. Experimental analyses, therefore, show that the as-synthesized sulfonated Sesamum indicum oil could be considered as a substitute for imported fatliquor in the leather industry. Graphical abstract

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Synthesis and characterization of fat-liquor from waste tallow

Angeline

Panda

Saravanathamizhan

2021

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

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The fat-liquoring is an important step in leather making before dying to improve the glossiness, appearance, physical and chemical qualities of the leather. Synthetic sulphonated or sulphited oils are generally used to fill fibrous leather & to give it soft, elastic and loose characteristics. Natural fat-liquors (vegetable and animal-based) and synthetic fat-liquors are the two types of emulsions. The emulsion’s charge can be anionic, cationic, or nonionic. In this study, fat-liquor has been made from a bio-waste, namely tallow, which is obtained from a slaughterhouse as a byproduct of the animal hides and skin processing for leather. Triglycerides, a combination of oleic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids, and glycerol make up the majority of this animal fat. Fat-liquor is made through a series of three reactions, namely, amidation, esterification, and sulphitation. Amidation helps to increase the hydroxyl groups. To react with fat, alkanol amine with a wide emulsifying characteristic isutilised. Anhydrides derived from di-carboxylic acids were then esterified with amidated fat in the next phase. By altering the process recipe, the stability of the emulsion product has been examined, and required raw materials are optimized. Finally, aqueous hydrolyzed sodium metabisulphite is used to sulphite the product, yielding bisulphite and hydroxide ions. The saponification and acid values are computed. The end product has a distinct advantage (anti-foaming & fire-retardant) over traditional fat-liquoring techniques. Material balance is performed once the process flow sheet was created. The process has been scaled up with the help of a preliminary reactor design. The degree of fat-liquoring and the process’ performance are revealed by FTIR spectrum. NMR was used to determine the final product’s structure.

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Fatliquoring potentials of sulphonated Hura crepitans L seed oil

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of the leather fatliquoring potential of sulphonated Afzelia africana aril cap oil

Evaluation of the leather fatliquoring potential of sulphonated Afzelia africana aril cap oil

Synthesis of sulfonated Sesamum indicum L. seed oil and its application as a fatliquor in leather processing

Synthesis and characterization of fat-liquor from waste tallow

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