“…Agnew and his co-workers [22] later in 1999 further confirmed such a phenomenon, i.e., cyclic softening response following cyclic hardening, reported in [20]. Later observations of various extent of cyclic softening were reported by a number of other researchers, i.e., reference [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38]56,58]. It should be noted that these reports are largely based on high purity copper.…”
Section: Overview Of the Cyclic Deformation Behavior Of Spded Metalsmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…In addition to the observation of grain coarsening as a cyclic deformation mechanism, surface damages relating to shear banding have also been reported for SPDed metals in general [20][21][22][23][24][25][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46,50,53,[56][57][58][59]. The shear bands in the above listed reports are of a scale much larger than the grain size of the samples.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many of the reports on the cyclic deformation behavior of SPDed metals have been based on metals processed by ECAP, e.g., for high purity copper [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], technical purity copper [33,[39][40][41][42][43][44], aluminium and aluminum alloys [45][46][47][48][49][50][51], commercial purity titanium [52], IF steel [53,54], and α-brass [55]. There are also reports, albeit fewer in quantity, based on products of different techniques, such as high purity copper processed by HPT [36], high purity copper processed by ARB [56,57], and aluminum and aluminum alloys processed by cryogenic rolling [58,59].…”
Section: Overview Of the Cyclic Deformation Behavior Of Spded Metalsmentioning
Abstract:A deeper understanding of the mechanical behavior of ultra-fine (UF) and nanocrystalline (NC) grained metals is necessary with the growing interest in using UF and NC grained metals for structural applications. The cyclic deformation response and behavior of UF and NC grained metals is one aspect that has been gaining momentum as a major research topic for the past ten years. Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) materials are often in the spotlight for cyclic deformation studies as they are usually in the form of bulk work pieces and have UF and NC grains. Some well known techniques in the category of SPD processing are High Pressure Torsion (HPT), Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), and Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB). In this report, the literature on the cyclic deformation response and behavior of SPDed metals will be reviewed. The cyclic response of such materials is found to range from cyclic hardening to cyclic softening depending on various factors. Specifically, for SPDed UF grained metals, their behavior has often been associated with the observation of grain coarsening during cycling. Consequently, the many factors that affect the cyclic deformation response of SPDed metals can be summarized into three major aspects: (1) the microstructure stability; (2) the limitation of the cyclic lifespan; and lastly (3) the imposed plastic strain amplitude.
“…Agnew and his co-workers [22] later in 1999 further confirmed such a phenomenon, i.e., cyclic softening response following cyclic hardening, reported in [20]. Later observations of various extent of cyclic softening were reported by a number of other researchers, i.e., reference [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38]56,58]. It should be noted that these reports are largely based on high purity copper.…”
Section: Overview Of the Cyclic Deformation Behavior Of Spded Metalsmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…In addition to the observation of grain coarsening as a cyclic deformation mechanism, surface damages relating to shear banding have also been reported for SPDed metals in general [20][21][22][23][24][25][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46,50,53,[56][57][58][59]. The shear bands in the above listed reports are of a scale much larger than the grain size of the samples.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many of the reports on the cyclic deformation behavior of SPDed metals have been based on metals processed by ECAP, e.g., for high purity copper [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], technical purity copper [33,[39][40][41][42][43][44], aluminium and aluminum alloys [45][46][47][48][49][50][51], commercial purity titanium [52], IF steel [53,54], and α-brass [55]. There are also reports, albeit fewer in quantity, based on products of different techniques, such as high purity copper processed by HPT [36], high purity copper processed by ARB [56,57], and aluminum and aluminum alloys processed by cryogenic rolling [58,59].…”
Section: Overview Of the Cyclic Deformation Behavior Of Spded Metalsmentioning
Abstract:A deeper understanding of the mechanical behavior of ultra-fine (UF) and nanocrystalline (NC) grained metals is necessary with the growing interest in using UF and NC grained metals for structural applications. The cyclic deformation response and behavior of UF and NC grained metals is one aspect that has been gaining momentum as a major research topic for the past ten years. Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) materials are often in the spotlight for cyclic deformation studies as they are usually in the form of bulk work pieces and have UF and NC grains. Some well known techniques in the category of SPD processing are High Pressure Torsion (HPT), Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), and Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB). In this report, the literature on the cyclic deformation response and behavior of SPDed metals will be reviewed. The cyclic response of such materials is found to range from cyclic hardening to cyclic softening depending on various factors. Specifically, for SPDed UF grained metals, their behavior has often been associated with the observation of grain coarsening during cycling. Consequently, the many factors that affect the cyclic deformation response of SPDed metals can be summarized into three major aspects: (1) the microstructure stability; (2) the limitation of the cyclic lifespan; and lastly (3) the imposed plastic strain amplitude.
“…Figure 4 shows the S-N curve of CG and UFG copper. For UFG copper examined under stress controlled testing, the enhancement in fatigue life is obvious [17][18][19]. The degree of enhancement is sharply increased with increasing stress amplitude.…”
Since fatigue life of a plain specimen of ductile metals is controlled mainly by the propagation life of a small surface crack, to clarify the growth behavior of a small crack is crucial to the safe design of smooth members. However, little has been reported on the growth behavior of small surface cracks in ultrafine grained (UFG) metals. In the present study, stress-controlled fatigue tests for coarse grained (CG) and UFG copper were conducted. The surface damage evolution during cyclic stressing was observed by optical microscopy, and the growth behavior of a small surface crack was monitored by a plastic replication technique. The physical background of fatigue damage for CG and UFG copper was discussed from the viewpoints of the initiation and growth behavior of small surface cracks.
“…However, there is also data in literature that indicates quite poor or no improvement of fatigue strength in the high-cycle fatigue HCF region. Han et al (2007; and Goto et al (2008) observed the strong enhancement of fatigue life in LCF range but very weak effect in long-life regime. The fatigue strength of 99.99 wt% Cu processed by four passes by route Bc coincided with that of fully annealed copper for 3 x 10 7 cycles.…”
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