Fatigue, Resilience, Hardness, and Swelling Behaviour of Natural Rubber/Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (Nr/Nbrr) Blends

Ismail, Hanafi; Ahmad, Hazwani Syaza; Rashid, Azura A.

doi:10.1177/096739111502300808

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Composite natural rubber with carbon fill material from several studies can improve the mechanical properties of rubber vulcanization better [11][12]. Natural rubber (NR) composites with nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) from several studies that have been done can improve ozone resistance [13][14]. Reclaimed rubber composites with styrene butadiene rubber can improve the properties of styrene-butadiene [15][16].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Nasruddin¹,

Susanto²

2020

Indones. J. Chem.

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This research aims to study the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites with nitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. Composite fillers consisted of kaolin, and softener using used cooking oil. The study was carried out by the method of mastication, vulcanization, and maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates. The vulcanization and mastication process is carried out in the open mill. The maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates from the results of mastication and vulcanization was carried out using semi-automatic heat press and press at a temperature of 130 °C ± 2 °C for 17 min. Based on data from testing the mechanical properties of five samples from five formulas, the mechanical properties of composite rubber are affected by the ratio of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, kaolin, and used cooking oil as a softener. The difference in the results of vulcanizates rubber testing of natural rubber composites with synthetic rubber is not only influenced by the ratio of the composite, but also by the degree of cross-linking between the material molecules.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Nasruddin¹,

Susanto²

2020

Indones. J. Chem.

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“…The lower swelling percentages in the blends with a high amount of NBR occur due to the tolerance to non-polar solvents by NBR since the NBR is polarity because of the -CN groups present in the main chain [23]. Also, this high swelling percentage could be attributed to the low crosslinking density of RHANS filled blends and poor rubber-filler interaction of blends.…”

Section: Equilibrium Swelling Percentagementioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash

et al. 2021

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Properties of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends are varied due to blending method. The literature is evident that the pre-blending and phase-mixing methods affect the properties of blends while opposite arguments are also available. Hence, that fact was interested to study using NR/NBR blends filled with rice husk ash nano silica (RHANS) having an average particle size of 50 nm - 100 nm with some micro-scale agglomerates. The structure of RHANS was proved using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric analyses. Blends were prepared following both blending methods by varying NR to NBR ratio as 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, and 100:0 while filling 25 parts per hundred parts of rubber of RHANS. The control was the ASTM formulation for oil seals. Vulcanization properties of blends showed acceptable levels with extended scorch and cure times and high torque properties. Blends indicated less tensile and tear strength compared to the control while showing acceptable hardness, compression set, and swelling properties. Overall, there is a possibility to use RHANS in NR/NBR blends and it was found that the blending method does not affect the properties of the NR/NBR blends.

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“…Rubber technologies, especially those related to natural rubber (NR), have been rapidly developed and extensively used in several applications, including flexible materials for radiation protection [1][2][3], medical and industrial latex gloves [4], polyethylene aerogelcoated natural rubber latex (NRL) foam for oil-water separation [5], a biodegradable proton exchanger in microbial fuel cells [6], and high-performance automotive tires [7]. This fast-growing utilization of NR has been mainly due to its superior properties compared to other synthetic rubber (SR), as NR is highly resilient and waterproof, while having a high stretch ratio and tensile/tear strength [8][9][10] that enables the materials to be used in applications requiring exceptional flexibility and strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Chitosan as Bio-Fillers in Radiation-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex and Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex: Physical/Mechanical Properties under Thermal Aging and Biodegradability

et al. 2021

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Although natural rubber was regarded as biodegradable, the degradation is a time-consuming process that could take weeks or months for any degradation or substantial weight loss to be observable, resulting in the need for novel processes/methods to accelerate the rubber degradation. As a result, this work investigated the potential utilization of chitosan (CS) as a biodegradation enhancer for radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex (R-VNRL) and hybrid radiation and peroxide-vulcanized natural rubber latex (RP-VNRL) composites, with varying CS contents (0, 2, 4, or 6 phr). The R-VNRL samples were prepared using 15 kGy gamma irradiation, while the RP-VNRL samples were prepared using a combination of 0.1 phr tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHPO) and 10 kGy gamma irradiation. The properties investigated were biodegradability in the soil and the morphological, chemical, mechanical, and physical properties, both before and after undergoing thermal aging. The results indicated that the biodegradability of both the R-VNRL and RP-VNRL composites was enhanced with the addition of CS, as evidenced by increases in the percentage weight loss (% weight loss) after being buried in soil for 8 weeks from 6.5 ± 0.1% and 6.4 ± 0.1% in a pristine R-VNRL and RP-VNRL samples, respectively, to 10.5 ± 0.1% and 10.2 ± 0.1% in 6-pph CS/R-VNRL and 6-pph CS/RP-VNRL composites, respectively, indicating the biodegradation enhancement of approximately 60%. In addition, the results revealed that the addition of CS could increase the value of tensile modulus by 119%, while decrease the values of tensile strength and elongation at break by 50% and 43%, respectively, in the specimens containing 6-phr CS. In terms of the color appearances, the samples were lighter and yellower after the addition of CS, as evidenced by the noticeably increased L* and b* values, based on the CIE L*a*b* color space system. Furthermore, the investigation into the effects of thermal aging showed that the overall tensile properties for both curing systems were reduced, while varying degrees of color change were observed, with the pristine R-VNRL and RP-VNRL samples having more pronounced degradation/changes for both properties. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that CS had great potential to be applied as a bio-filler in R-VNRL and RP-VNRL composites to effectively promote the biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and resistance to thermal degradation of the composites.

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Fatigue, Resilience, Hardness, and Swelling Behaviour of Natural Rubber/Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (Nr/Nbrr) Blends

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash

Roles of Chitosan as Bio-Fillers in Radiation-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex and Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex: Physical/Mechanical Properties under Thermal Aging and Biodegradability

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