Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Nasruddin, Nasruddin; Susanto, Tony Dwi

doi:10.22146/ijc.42343

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…An inactive filler will cause an increase in the hardness of the rubber, but it will decrease the tensile strength of the rubber [8]. This finding is consistent with previous research that found tensile strength to be inversely proportional to rubber hardness [9].…”

Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Meanwhile, based on [8], the addition of the WRTC increased the hardness of the rubber but decreased the tensile strength of the rubber. This was consistent with the findings of a study [9], which found that the hardness of rubber was inversely proportional to its tensile strength. The addition of natural sand to the rubber increased the damping through friction between its grains [10].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Hybrid viscoelastic damper using natural rubber compound, waste of rubber tire crumb with various compacted sands (iron sand, natural sand, and silica sand) to increase damping property for non-engineered buildings

Edwin,

Priyosulistyo

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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To reduce lateral deformation due to earthquake shake has been carried out by strengthening techniques. Such techniques require additional structural elements such as bracing or shear wall, if not applying additional new materials on beams or columns such as CFRP. This study focuses on the formation of the hybrid rubber dampers from materials such as natural rubber compound (NRC), waste of rubber tire crumb (WRTC), compacted natural sand, iron sand, and silica sand. The main goal of this research is to investigate the dynamic properties of hybrid materials of compacted various sands encapsuled with the NRC and WRTC compound. Nonetheless, the mechanical properties of rubber, such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, were also tested. In this research, the specimens were in the form of a square block of 100 x 100 mm2 base and 25 mm thickness and consisted of two types of specimens for reference i.e., fully natural rubber compound (NRC) and blended NRC with 25% by volume of the WRTC, namely MRTC. Furthermore, other three types of hybrid viscoelastic dampers (HVD) were also provided i.e., 1) compacted natural sand, 2) compacted iron sand, and 3) compacted silica sand, which were all wrapped with WRTC in a proportion of 3:4 by volume. The results show that the addition of the MRTC reduces the tensile strength and elastic modulus in comparison to the NRC but increases the damping properties. Moreover, the elaboration of compacted natural sand, iron sand, and silica sand in the HVD also shows an increase in the damping properties up to 200%.

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Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hybrid viscoelastic damper using natural rubber compound, waste of rubber tire crumb with various compacted sands (iron sand, natural sand, and silica sand) to increase damping property for non-engineered buildings

Edwin,

Priyosulistyo

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The value of Elongation at break, as shown in Figure 5, also decreases with the increase of waste rubber/masterbatch waste rubber phr. The elongation at break value is correlated with the number of cross-links formed [17]. The highest value is RCB0 at 433.711%, which meets the requirement; other RCB formulas did not.…”

Section: Tensile Strength and Elongation At Breakmentioning

confidence: 76%

Utilization of Rubber Waste for Manufacture of Rubber Conical Bonded

Amry,

Anggaravidya,

Rahmawati

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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Rubber Conical Bonded (RCB) is a component that connects the wheel with the train bogie, which functions to dampen vibration and noise. This RCB is made of rubber. In this research, RCB vulcanizate will be made with a mixture of natural rubber (RSS 1) and rubber waste. Rubber waste is the residue from the production process of technical rubber goods or rubber technical goods that are no longer used. This rubber waste goes through a devulcanization process to be reused as a raw material. In this study, rubber waste derived from the residue of the production process was varied with the phr ratio as follows: RSS 1 / Rubber waste / Devulcanized rubber waste (RCB0: 100/0/0; RCB10: 90/10/0; RCB30: 70/30/0; RCB50: 50/50/0; RCB10X: 90/0/10; RCB30X: 70/0/30). The vulcanizate obtained was then subjected to physical characterization (before and after aging 24 hrs; 70oC) and compared with the technical specifications of the RCB. Physical characterization includes Tensile Strength (min 14 N/mm2), Tear Strength (min 26 N/mm2), Hardness Shore A (50±5), Elongation at Break (min 400%), and Compression Set (max 30%). The results show that all variations meet the specifications for tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness.

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“…Additives were tested at varying load ranges to capture the effect of a low load amount to a large load amount. This was done to ensure the algorithm captures the limiting effect of an additive as properties do not always trend in the same manner as you increase the amount of additive [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Jacob and coworkers showed that increasing reinforcement increased the tensile strength of the natural rubber blend only if the loading was below 30 pph (parts per hundred of rubber) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Rubber Blend Optimization via Data-Driven Modeling: The Implementation for Reverse Engineering

et al. 2022

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Natural rubber formulation methodologies implemented within industry primarily implicate a high dependence on the formulator’s experience as it involves an educated guess-and-check process. The formulator must leverage their experience to ensure that the number of iterations to the final blend composition is minimized. The study presented in this paper includes the implementation of blend formulation methodology that targets material properties relevant to the application in which the product will be used by incorporating predictive models, including linear regression, response surface method (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Training of such models requires data, which is equal to financial resources in industry. To ensure minimum experimental effort, the dataset is kept small, and the model complexity is kept simple, and as a proof of concept, the predictive models are used to reverse engineer a current material used in the footwear industry based on target viscoelastic properties (relaxation behavior, tan and hardness), which all depend on the amount of crosslinker, plasticizer, and the quantity of voids used to create the lightweight high-performance material. RSM, ANN, and GPR result in prediction accuracy of 90%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. It is evident that the testing accuracy increases with algorithm complexity; therefore, these methodologies provide a wide range of tools capable of predicting compound formulation based on specified target properties, and with a wide range of complexity.

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Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Hybrid viscoelastic damper using natural rubber compound, waste of rubber tire crumb with various compacted sands (iron sand, natural sand, and silica sand) to increase damping property for non-engineered buildings

Hybrid viscoelastic damper using natural rubber compound, waste of rubber tire crumb with various compacted sands (iron sand, natural sand, and silica sand) to increase damping property for non-engineered buildings

Utilization of Rubber Waste for Manufacture of Rubber Conical Bonded

Natural Rubber Blend Optimization via Data-Driven Modeling: The Implementation for Reverse Engineering

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