Fatigue-related changes in vertical impact properties during normal and silent running

Pirscoveanu, Cristina-Ioana; Dam, Peter van; Brandi, August; Bilgram, Malthe; Oliveira, Anderson Souza

doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1824340

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A previous study showed an association between running on stable ground and an increased risk of sustaining lower limb injuries ( James et al, 1978 ). The magnitude and the rate of loading have been identified as risk factors for running-related injuries ( Barrett et al, 1998 ), and changes in running style are effective in reducing vertical loading rate ( Pirscoveanu et al, 2021 ). The active support system for the medial longitudinal arch includes appropriate tibialis anterior muscle activity ( Oatis, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Running on Sand vs. Stable Ground on Kinetics and Muscle Activities in Individuals With Over-Pronated Feet

et al. 2022

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Background: In terms of physiological and biomechanical characteristics, over-pronation of the feet has been associated with distinct muscle recruitment patterns and ground reaction forces during running.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of running on sand vs. stable ground on ground-reaction-forces (GRFs) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with over-pronated feet (OPF) compared with healthy controls.Methods: Thirty-three OPF individuals and 33 controls ran at preferred speed and in randomized-order over level-ground and sand. A force-plate was embedded in an 18-m runway to collect GRFs. Muscle activities were recorded using an EMG-system. Data were adjusted for surface-related differences in running speed.Results: Running on sand resulted in lower speed compared with stable ground running (p < 0.001; d = 0.83). Results demonstrated that running on sand produced higher tibialis anterior activity (p = 0.024; d = 0.28). Also, findings indicated larger loading rates (p = 0.004; d = 0.72) and greater vastus medialis (p < 0.001; d = 0.89) and rectus femoris (p = 0.001; d = 0.61) activities in OPF individuals. Controls but not OPF showed significantly lower gluteus-medius activity (p = 0.022; d = 0.63) when running on sand.Conclusion: Running on sand resulted in lower running speed and higher tibialis anterior activity during the loading phase. This may indicate alterations in neuromuscular demands in the distal part of the lower limbs when running on sand. In OPF individuals, higher loading rates together with greater quadriceps activity may constitute a proximal compensatory mechanism for distal surface instability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Running on Sand vs. Stable Ground on Kinetics and Muscle Activities in Individuals With Over-Pronated Feet

et al. 2022

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“…Running while minimizing footfall sound volume induces reductions in vertical impact forces [ 27 , 29 ], as runners adjust their leg stiffness to accommodate mechanical demands [ 39 ]. However, the impact forces generated during initial contact are dissipated, especially through the pelvis and the spine [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silent running was defined as running with the lowest impact sound by minimizing landing noises. Participants were instructed to run as they normally do, but with the lowest impact sound possible at the pre-established speed [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Therefore, runners were not instructed on how to change their running technique to reduce impact sounds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Running coaches can teach novice runners to minimize their impact forces by listening to the sounds runners produce [ 26 ]. Running with lower footfall sounds reduces peak vertical forces and loading rates, as well as changing the runner’s foot strike technique [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Achieving ideal reductions in vertical impact loading while naturally performing a running workout may be facilitated through objective measurements such as accelerometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitiveness of Variables Extracted from a Fitness Smartwatch to Detect Changes in Vertical Impact Loading during Outdoors Running

Pirscoveanu

Oliveira

2023

Sensors

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Accelerometry is becoming a popular method to access human movement in outdoor conditions. Running smartwatches may acquire chest accelerometry through a chest strap, but little is known about whether the data from these chest straps can provide indirect access to changes in vertical impact properties that define rearfoot or forefoot strike. This study assessed whether the data from a fitness smartwatch and chest strap containing a tri-axial accelerometer (FS) is sensible to detect changes in running style. Twenty-eight participants performed 95 m running bouts at ~3 m/s in two conditions: normal running and running while actively reducing impact sounds (silent running). The FS acquired running cadence, ground contact time (GCT), stride length, trunk vertical oscillation (TVO), and heart rate. Moreover, a tri-axial accelerometer attached to the right shank provided peak vertical tibia acceleration (PKACC). The running parameters extracted from the FS and PKACC variables were compared between normal and silent running. Moreover, the association between PKACC and smartwatch running parameters was accessed using Pearson correlations. There was a 13 ± 19% reduction in PKACC (p < 0.005), and a 5 ± 10% increase in TVO from normal to silent running (p < 0.01). Moreover, there were slight reductions (~2 ± 2%) in cadence and GCT when silently running (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant associations between PKACC and the variables extracted from the FS (r < 0.1, p > 0.05). Therefore, our results suggest that biomechanical variables extracted from FS have limited sensitivity to detect changes in running technique. Moreover, the biomechanical variables from the FS cannot be associated with lower limb vertical loading.

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“…Fatigue impacts on running kinematics in different ways such as increased loading on the medial arch of the foot ( Fourchet et al, 2015 ), increased dorsiflexion velocity and knee internal rotation excursion ( Radzak et al, 2017 ), as well as reduced plantar flexion and knee flexion moments ( Radzak et al, 2017 ). In terms of kinetics, fatigue-related increases in peak vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) and loading rates have been reported during the performance of landing tasks ( James et al, 2006 ; James et al, 2010 ) and running exercise ( Nicol et al, 1991 ; Jafarnezhadgero et al, 2019 ; Pirscoveanu et al, 2021 ). Accordingly, the monitoring of running biomechanics in fatigued condition is relevant as increased early vertical impact loading has been associated with an increased risk of sustaining running-related injuries ( Weist et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 and Muscle Fatigue on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Running Kinetics in Female Recreational Runners

et al. 2022

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Background: There is evidence that fully recovered COVID-19 patients usually resume physical exercise, but do not perform at the same intensity level performed prior to infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and recovery as well as muscle fatigue on cardiorespiratory fitness and running biomechanics in female recreational runners.Methods: Twenty-eight females were divided into a group of hospitalized and recovered COVID-19 patients (COV, n = 14, at least 14 days following recovery) and a group of healthy age-matched controls (CTR, n = 14). Ground reaction forces from stepping on a force plate while barefoot overground running at 3.3 m/s was measured before and after a fatiguing protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of incrementally increasing running speed until reaching a score of 13 on the 6–20 Borg scale, followed by steady-state running until exhaustion. The effects of group and fatigue were assessed for steady-state running duration, steady-state running speed, ground contact time, vertical instantaneous loading rate and peak propulsion force.Results: COV runners completed only 56% of the running time achieved by the CTR (p < 0.0001), and at a 26% slower steady-state running speed (p < 0.0001). There were fatigue-related reductions in loading rate (p = 0.004) without group differences. Increased ground contact time (p = 0.002) and reduced peak propulsion force (p = 0.005) were found for COV when compared to CTR.Conclusion: Our results suggest that female runners who recovered from COVID-19 showed compromised running endurance and altered running kinetics in the form of longer stance periods and weaker propulsion forces. More research is needed in this area using larger sample sizes to confirm our study findings.

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Fatigue-related changes in vertical impact properties during normal and silent running

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Running on Sand vs. Stable Ground on Kinetics and Muscle Activities in Individuals With Over-Pronated Feet

Effects of Running on Sand vs. Stable Ground on Kinetics and Muscle Activities in Individuals With Over-Pronated Feet

Sensitiveness of Variables Extracted from a Fitness Smartwatch to Detect Changes in Vertical Impact Loading during Outdoors Running

The Impact of COVID-19 and Muscle Fatigue on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Running Kinetics in Female Recreational Runners

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