“…When plotted against cycles to failure, dynamic stored energy was found to decrease linearly, which indicates that dynamic stored energy can be used as a plausible predictor in determining the fatigue life of MREs irrespective of particle content. This further strengthens our previous conclusion that dynamic stored energy can be used as a reliable predictor in determining the fatigue life of isotropic and anisotropic MREs with 20% magnetic particles [25]. Equations relating fatigue life to stress amplitude and dynamic stored energy were 6 derived and the parameters obtained are feasible for use in FEA modelling which will allow the complex dynamic mechanical behaviour of MREs to be studied.…”
The equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of silicone based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with various volume fractions of carbonyl iron particles ranging between 15% and 35% was studied. Wöhler curves for each material were derived by cycling test samples to failure over a range of stress amplitudes. Changes in complex modulus (E*) and dynamic stored energy during the fatigue process were observed. As for other elastic solids, fatigue resistance of MREs with different particle contents was shown to be dependent on the stress amplitudes applied. MREs with low particle content showed the highest fatigue life at high stress amplitudes while MREs with high particle content exhibited the highest fatigue resistance at low stress amplitudes. E* fell with the accumulation of cycles for each material, but the change was dependent on the particle content and stress amplitude applied. However, each material failed in a range suggesting a limiting value of E* for the material between 1.22 MPa and 1.38 MPa regardless of the particle content and the magnitude of the stress amplitude. In keeping with results from previous testing, it was shown that dynamic stored energy can be used to predict the fatigue life of MREs having a wide variation in particle content.
“…When plotted against cycles to failure, dynamic stored energy was found to decrease linearly, which indicates that dynamic stored energy can be used as a plausible predictor in determining the fatigue life of MREs irrespective of particle content. This further strengthens our previous conclusion that dynamic stored energy can be used as a reliable predictor in determining the fatigue life of isotropic and anisotropic MREs with 20% magnetic particles [25]. Equations relating fatigue life to stress amplitude and dynamic stored energy were 6 derived and the parameters obtained are feasible for use in FEA modelling which will allow the complex dynamic mechanical behaviour of MREs to be studied.…”
The equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of silicone based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with various volume fractions of carbonyl iron particles ranging between 15% and 35% was studied. Wöhler curves for each material were derived by cycling test samples to failure over a range of stress amplitudes. Changes in complex modulus (E*) and dynamic stored energy during the fatigue process were observed. As for other elastic solids, fatigue resistance of MREs with different particle contents was shown to be dependent on the stress amplitudes applied. MREs with low particle content showed the highest fatigue life at high stress amplitudes while MREs with high particle content exhibited the highest fatigue resistance at low stress amplitudes. E* fell with the accumulation of cycles for each material, but the change was dependent on the particle content and stress amplitude applied. However, each material failed in a range suggesting a limiting value of E* for the material between 1.22 MPa and 1.38 MPa regardless of the particle content and the magnitude of the stress amplitude. In keeping with results from previous testing, it was shown that dynamic stored energy can be used to predict the fatigue life of MREs having a wide variation in particle content.
“…The multi-axial fatigue testing was conducted on a dynamic bubble inflation test system. The test procedures were described in the previous literature [34,35]. In this research, the minimum stress was set to 0 MPa and the maximum stress was varied from 5 MPa to 9 MPa.…”
Graphene oxide (GO) sheets and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of nanometer size and offer large shape factors which are beneficial in reducing crack propagation rates of composites when used in carbon black (CB) reinforced natural rubber (NR), thereby prolonging the service lives of rubber composites. In this research, CNT-CB/NR and GO-CB/NR composites were prepared by partially replacing CB with one-dimensional CNTs and two-dimensional flaky graphene oxide GO, respectively. The results showed that the complex filler dispersion in NR matrices was improved due to the isolation effect between the different fillers. The strain-induced crystallization (SIC) ability of CB/NR was effectively enhanced by the addition of both GO and CNT. The modulus at 100% strain and tear strength of the composites were also improved. More branching and deflections were observed at the crack tips of the composites and both effectively hindered crack propagation in the materials. Under uniaxial and multi-axial cyclic loading, the fatigue lives of CNT-CB/NR and GO-CB/NR composites greatly increased when compared with the fatigue lives of CB/NR composites. The GO-CB/NR composites exhibited evident advantages in respect of fatigue resistance and durability among the three composites.
“…However, most research into the mechanical properties of DEs was carried out using the conventional uniaxial tensile test [29,11]. In this work, initially a static mechanical equi-biaxial test was applied using a bubble inflation test system [30,31]. DEs with SR and BT were fabricated and subjected to equi-biaxial pre-stretch in order to obtain a large voltage-induced deformation under a relatively low electric field.…”
Section: Fig 1 the Working Principle Of A Dementioning
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