Fatigue behavior of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced and unreinforced basalt/epoxy composite pressure vessels subjected to low-velocity impact under internal pressure

Abstract

In this study, the fatigue behavior of 0.25 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) reinforced and unreinforced impact damaged basalt/epoxy composite pressure vessels (CPVs) was investigated. The CPVs were subjected to low-velocity impact (LVI) of 2.5 J, 5 J, 7.5 J, 10 J, 15 J, 20 J, and 25 J under internal pressure of 50 bar (hoop/axial prestresses: 98/49 MPa). Then, to detect fatigue life changes, fatigue tests were performed at load rates of 30% of ultimate hoop stress (σHS), where sweat damage occurred in the basalt/epoxy CPVs under alternating internal pressure. Considering the remaining fatigue life and formation of the damages in the CPVs for all impact energies, to investigate the fatigue behavior and GnPs effects of CPVs subjected to low-velocity impact, an impact value of 5 J was preferred. The 5 J impact damaged CPVs were subjected to fatigue cyclic following ASTM D 2992 at load rates of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of the σHS. The fatigue life of damaged CPVs was compared by that of undamaged over S-N curves. As the impact energy increased, the impact damage area increased. The increased size of damage reduced the fatigue life of basalt/epoxy CPVs. At the fatigue load rates mentioned above, the GnPs improved the fatigue life of damaged basalt/epoxy CPVs by about 3.5, 3.2, 11.3, 2.4, and 5 times, respectively.

A comprehensive experimental study of enhanced solid particle erosive resistance on the inner/outer surface of graphene nanoplatelets modified basalt/epoxy composite pipe

“…The GnPs‐reinforced BFRP composite pipes exhibit superior resistance to SPE while providing highly elastic and impact properties compared to BFRP composite pipes 2,38 . The resistance of the pipes reinforced with GnPs against incoming abrasive particles rises due to the increased impact strength of epoxy reinforced with GnPs 1,37,38 . In addition, Sepetcioglu et al informed that GnPs increased the hardness values of the BFRP composite pipe of GnPs reinforced 46 .…”

“…During the winding process, the basalt fibers were passed through a drum, allowing for the impregnation of the GnPs/epoxy mixture and ensuring comprehensive saturation of the basalt fibers with the GnPs/epoxy matrix. 0.25 wt.% GnPs reinforced BFRP composite pipe was considered in the current study because it was experimentally optimized to 0.25 wt.% in terms of mechanical properties in the previous works 1,2,37,38 …”

“…2,38 The resistance of the pipes reinforced with GnPs against incoming abrasive particles rises due to the increased impact strength of epoxy reinforced with GnPs. 1,37,38 In addition, Sepetcioglu et al informed that GnPs increased the hardness values of the BFRP composite pipe of GnPs reinforced. 46 The increased hardness value of BFRP composite pipe supports the reduction of SPE rate.…”

A Multiscale Study of CFRP Based on Asymptotic Homogenization with Application to Mechanical Analysis of Composite Pressure Vessels

“…Recently, the commercial markets of CFRP are no longer confined to the aerospace industry but wider industrial sectors e.g., architecture and automobiles [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Such extensive applications have been promoted by the in-depth understanding of the governing physical and mechanical behaviors at various scales [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”