Fate of Oil Spills on the Norwegian Continental Shelf

Audunson, T.

doi:10.7901/2169-3358-1979-1-675

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The empirical observations are as follows: the mean velocity (current) at the sea surface is determined, not by a relationship between the applied wind stress and the vertical velocity gradient, mediated by a viscosity or turbulent eddy viscosity, but, instead, as a fraction λ ≈ 0.02 of the wind speed U. Thus, the value of the wind-induced surface current has a relatively stable behaviour, which is in agreement with the practical engineering calculations made in connection with observations of the drift of floating objects and of oil slicks, and the measurement of nearsurface currents using moored current meters and surface drifters (Audunson 1979;Huang 1979Huang , 1983Jenkins 1987a,b). Although the physical reason for this behaviour of the surface current may not be strictly evident, we may consider that an increasing wind stress will cause an increasing vertical velocity shear, but it will also cause an increase in turbulent motion which will transport momentum more rapidly downwards, thus decreasing the shear.…”

Section: Physical Basis Of the Modelsupporting

confidence: 82%

A simple model for the short-time evolution of near-surface current and temperature profiles

Jenkins

Ward

2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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A simple analytical/numerical model has been developed for computing the evolution, over periods of up to a few hours, of the current and temperature profile in the upper layer of the ocean. The model is based upon conservation laws for heat and momentum, and employs an eddy diffusion parameterisation which is dependent on both the wind speed and the wind stress applied at the sea surface. Other parameters such as the bulk−skin surface temperature difference and CO 2 flux are determined by application of the Molecular Oceanic Boundary Layer Model (MOBLAM) of Schlüssel and Soloviev. A similar model, for the current profile only, predicts a temporary increase in wave breaking intensity and decrease in wave height under conditions where the wind speed increases suddenly, such as, for example, during gusts and squalls. The model results are compared with measurements from the lagrangian Skin Depth Experimental Profiler (SkinDeEP) surface profiling instrument made during the 1999 MOCE-5 field experiment in the waters around Baja California. SkinDeEP made repeated profiles of temperature within the upper few metres of the water column. Given that no tuning was performed in the model, and that the model does not take account of stratification, the results of the model runs are in rather good agreement with the observations. The model may be suitable as an interface between time-independent models of processes very near the surface, and larger-scale three-dimensional time-dependent ocean circulation models. A straightforward extension of the model should also be suitable for making time-dependent computations of gas concentration in the near-surface layer of the ocean.

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Section: Physical Basis Of the Modelsupporting

confidence: 82%

A simple model for the short-time evolution of near-surface current and temperature profiles

Jenkins

Ward

2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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“…In high seas when a slick is subject to continual turbulent stirring by wind shear and breaking waves, the oil may be rapidly dispersed into small drops 0.01 to 1.0 mm in diameter, which populate the subsurface layers. One common approach employed to describe this process is based on tabulations of dispersion as a function of sea state and elapsed time after oil release (Audunson 1979).…”

Section: The Horizontal and Vertical Diffusion Coefficients K mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Numerical Model for Predicting the Transport and Dispersal of Oil Spilled in the Black Sea

Korotenko¹,

Bowman²,

Dietrich³

2010

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The coupled DieCAST-SSBOM (Shirshov-Stony Brook Oil spill transport Model) circulation-oil spill transport model is used to predict the transport and dispersal of contaminants resulting from representative hypothetical oil spills in the Black Sea. With climatological forcing, the DieCAST model realistically simulates many of the dominant mesoscale features of seasonally-varying large scale circulation and meso-scale features of the circulation including the Rim Current, anticyclonic coastal eddies, headland eddy shedding and vertical stratification. The oil spill model ingests DieCAST surface currents and employs a Lagrangian tracking algorithm to predict the motion of a large number of seeded particles, the sum of which (~1 million) form the oil plume. Basic processes affecting the transport of oil and its fate (advection, sinking, evaporation, etc.) are included as parameters. Various scenarios of hypothetical blowouts of oil in different regions of the sea are simulated and discussed as to their structure, transport and likelihood of coastal contamination. The ultimate objective is to develop an operational oil slick model forced with synoptic winds and air-sea interaction.

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“…The user has two options for oil entrainment algorithms. The first is that proposed by Audunson 1 and modified by Spauldinget al ; 23 the second alternative algorithm is that proposed by Mackay et al (1980). The emulsification viscosity is allowed to increase for petroleum products according to a "mousse formation" algorithm, also from Mackay et al 14 Gasoline, kerosene, and light diesel fuel are assumed not to form emulsions with water.…”

Section: Oil Fate Concepts and Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Interaction Processes in the Minerals Management Service Coastal Zone Oil Spill Model1

Reed

Gundlach²

1989

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings

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Fate of Oil Spills on the Norwegian Continental Shelf

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A simple model for the short-time evolution of near-surface current and temperature profiles

A simple model for the short-time evolution of near-surface current and temperature profiles

High-Resolution Numerical Model for Predicting the Transport and Dispersal of Oil Spilled in the Black Sea

Coastal Interaction Processes in the Minerals Management Service Coastal Zone Oil Spill Model1

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