Fate of natural vegetation during urban development of rural landscapes in Southeastern Wisconsin

Sharpe, David M.; Stearns, Forest; Leitner, Lawrence A.; Dorney, John R.

doi:10.1016/0304-4009(86)90004-5

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Many researchers have concentrated on the history of a site in an attempt to determine the reasons for the present community structure (Dale and Doyle 1987;Fain et al 1994;Glitzenstein et al 1990;Levenson 1981;McBride and Jacobs 1986;Peart et al 1992;Peterken and Game 1984;Peterken and Jones 1989;Rudnicky and McDonnelll989;Sharpe et al 1986;White et al 1990;Yost et al 1991;Zipperer et al 1990). …”

Section: Increased Predation Rates By Feral Cats (Felis Domesticus) mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disturbance has been shown to dramatically affect plant communities (Agee 1991;Dale and Doyle 1987;Fain et al 1994;Glitzenstein et al 1990;McBride and Jacobs 1986;Peart et al 1992;Peterken and Game 1984;Rudnicky and McDonnell 1989;Sharpe et al 1986;Solinska-G6rnicka and Syrnonides 1990;White et al 1990;Yost et al 1991;Zipperer et al 1990). I attempted to determine the last known date of logging or fire, and if possible, the size, severity, and frequency of such past disturbance at each site using aerial photographs, old maps, data provided by Portland Parks and Recreation, ages of tree cores, and interviews with individuals who were well acquainted with park history.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon

Broshot¹

2000

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Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon.The effects of urbanization and continual human disturbance on the plant and avian communities of Forest Park and forested lands surrounding Portland, Oregon, were studied. I examined characteristics of plant and avian communities at 25 sites, 24 which were in Forest Park and surrounding areas and one which was in the Ancient Forest Preserve (old-growth stand) northwest of Forest Park. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, ANOV A, and Bonferonni/Dunn. Seven variables were selected representing different urbanization gradients. An additional covariable coded for the old-growth stand, allowing it to be used as a control.Many tree variables, especially those related to shade-tolerant species, were positively correlated with both the distance from downtown Portland and the number of houses in the surrounding area, and negatively correlated with the distance from the nearest forest edge; however, many shrub and herbaceous variables were negatively correlated with the distance from downtown Portland. Species diversity for herbaceous and shrub species was greater at more urban sites, but diversity of trees was lower at more urban sites. There were significantly more non-native species of plants in the city section. I found significantly fewer saplings and small trees, especially shade-tolerant species, in the section of Forest Park closest to downtown Portland, although tree mortality was positively correlated with distance from Portland.Summer bird data revealed significant increases in the abundances of urban and edge species at more urban sites, with concomitant reductions in forest species. There were significantly more ground gleaning birds and short distance migratory species.I also found a significantly greater abundance of birds in the old-growth stand during the winter. This increase was positively correlated with the depth of snow in the nearby Cascade Mountains.My results indicate that Forest Park is apparently progressing in a normal successional pattern with the exception of the city section. The reduction in shade tolerant saplings and small trees in the city section suggest that rate of succession has been slower at more urban sites. Avian data suggest that urbanization affects bird species abundance and guild composition in the more urban areas. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: Increased Predation Rates By Feral Cats (Felis Domesticus) mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon

Broshot¹

2000

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“…Indeed, studies indicate that urban forests experience significantly higher levels of disturbance than their rural counterparts (Sharpe et d. 1986), and that the probability of disturbance depends more on the distance to the single nearest dwelling than on local population density (Matlack 1997). In other words, the presence of one or several houses along a forest edge usually results in greater disturbance to the forest than a large subdivision located some distance across a field.…”

Section: Human Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of urbanization on plant and bird communities in forest ecosystems

Friesen¹

1998

The Forestry Chronicle

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Development is now a major cause of landscape-scale variation in ecosystems and it is imperative to know more precisely the nature of its impacts if we wish to preserve affected species and their habitats. Recent studies suggest that human impacts in suburban forests are "edge effects" analogous to microclimatic and vegetational edge zone phenomena although they exceed natural edge effects both in severity and spatial extent of damage. Studies of forest bird communities in California and Ontario indicate that some species are urban avoiders that decline or disappear as development levels increase. Research is urgently needed to better understand the mechanisms by which development undermines natural areas in order to prevent or minimize its adverse impacts.Le dCveloppement est maintenant la principale cause de variation B 1'Cchelle du paysage des Ccosystbmes et il est important de connaii plus pkCisCment la nature de ses impacts si nous voulons prhserver les espbces affectCes et leurs habitats. De rCcentes Btudes laissent entendre que les impacts humains dans les forbts suburbaines sont des "effets de bordure" analogues aux phCnombnes microclimatiques et floristiques des zones limitrophes mbme s'ils excbdent les effets naturels reconnus sur les bordures en fonction de leur importance et de 1'Ctendue spatiale des dCg5ts. Des Ctudes sur les cornmunautCs d'oiseaux forestiers en Californie et en Ontario indiquent que certaines espbces Bvitent le milieu urbain et d&linent ou disparaissent lorsque le niveau de dkveloppement s'accroit. La recherche est nCcessaire de fa~on urgente pour mieux comprendre les mtcanismes selon lesquels le dBveloppement perturbe les zones naturelles de fa~on k prCvoir ou minimiser les impacts nCgatifs.

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“…Many urban forest ecosystems exhibit reduced species diversity (Airola and Buchholz 1984, Sharpe et al 1986, Pysèk and Pysèk 1990, Tait et al 2005, Broshot 2007). Tree stand characteristics affected by urbanization include changes in density, basal area and/or importance value of trees in urban forests (Airola and Buchholz 1984, Rudnicky and McDonnell 1989, Broshot 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and recruitment in an urban forest (Forest Park in Portland, Oregon) between 1993 and 2003

Broshot

2011

Urban Ecosyst

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I examined tree recruitment and mortality over a ten-year period at permanent plots in an urban forest, Forest Park, in Portland, Oregon. The density and diameter at breast height (dbh) for all trees living and dead were measured in 1993 and again in 2003. Data were analyzed using paired Student t-tests. I found significantly fewer live and significantly more dead trees in 2003 than in 1993. The increase in mortality was significant for all species of trees and for all sizes except large diameter trees. Mortality rates ranged from 0% to 67% at my sites. Recruitment was lower at all sites in 2003 with significantly fewer seedlings and saplings. The high mortality and low recruitment resulted in a net loss of trees at all sites. Loss of trees was not offset by increasing tree diameter, which suggests self-thinning is not the cause. No strong correlation with an urban to rural land use gradient was observed. The results may be related to global climate change or pollution. The high mortality of trees of all species in many diameter classes without a concomitant increase in recruitment could lead to dramatic changes in forest structure.

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Fate of natural vegetation during urban development of rural landscapes in Southeastern Wisconsin

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon

The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon

Impacts of urbanization on plant and bird communities in forest ecosystems

Mortality and recruitment in an urban forest (Forest Park in Portland, Oregon) between 1993 and 2003

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