2020
DOI: 10.3390/w12102680
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Fate of COVID-19 Occurrences in Wastewater Systems: Emerging Detection and Treatment Technologies—A Review

Abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is currently posing a significant threat to the world’s public health and social-economic growth. Despite the rigorous international lockdown and quarantine efforts, the rate of COVID-19 infectious cases remains exceptionally high. Notwithstanding, the end route of COVID-19, together with emerging contaminants’ (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, nanoplastics, pesticide, etc.) occurrence in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), poses a great challenge in wastewater settings. There… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(39 citation statements)
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References 75 publications
(199 reference statements)
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“…The main transmission pathway of SARS-CoV-2 includes person-to-person contact and inhalation of droplets and aerosols (Dinnon et al 2020 ; Li et al 2020 ). Infected persons shed both viable SARS-CoV-2 and viral RNA through bodily excretion such as sputum, saliva, urine and feces (Arnaud 2020 ; Daughton 2020 ; Foladori et al 2020 ; Kitajima et al 2020 ; Kweinor Tetteh et al 2020 ; Peccia et al 2020 ; Randazzo et al 2020 ). Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in urine, anal and rectal swabs and human feces (Ahmed et al 2020 ; Hart and Halden 2020 ; Jones et al 2020 ; Medema et al 2020 ; Peccia et al 2020 ).…”
Section: Covid-19 In Wastewatermentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The main transmission pathway of SARS-CoV-2 includes person-to-person contact and inhalation of droplets and aerosols (Dinnon et al 2020 ; Li et al 2020 ). Infected persons shed both viable SARS-CoV-2 and viral RNA through bodily excretion such as sputum, saliva, urine and feces (Arnaud 2020 ; Daughton 2020 ; Foladori et al 2020 ; Kitajima et al 2020 ; Kweinor Tetteh et al 2020 ; Peccia et al 2020 ; Randazzo et al 2020 ). Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in urine, anal and rectal swabs and human feces (Ahmed et al 2020 ; Hart and Halden 2020 ; Jones et al 2020 ; Medema et al 2020 ; Peccia et al 2020 ).…”
Section: Covid-19 In Wastewatermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 , Kitajima et al 2020 ). As a consequence, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in wastewater worldwide (Adelodun et al 2020 ; Al Huraimel et al 2020 ; Bivins et al 2020 ; Daughton 2020 ; Foladori et al 2020 ; Hart and Halden 2020 ; Kweinor Tetteh et al 2020 ; Mallapaty, 2020 ; Peccia et al 2020 ; Randazzo et al 2020 ).
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Section: Covid-19 In Wastewatermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a growing economy, clean and drinkable water, free from toxic chemicals, carcinogenic substances and harmful microorganisms are essential for human health and sustainability [1,2]. However, the fast population growth associated with urbanization, irrigated agriculture and industrialization have driven the environmental concern of wastewater and demand for fresh water globally [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent years, advances in nanoengineering and nanotechnology to develop nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, and filtration systems coupled with nanoparticles have been seen to be very promising in wastewater treatment settings [1,9,[11][12][13][14][15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…South Africa, like many African countries, continues to suffer from the fresh water supply, which is declining in quality because of an increase in the pollution index and impeding of river catchments being caused by urbanization, deforestation, industrial and agricultural activities [4][5][6]. Furthermore, dyes and pigments produced by various industries such as cosmetics, textile, paper, leather, pharmaceutical, nutrition, and plastics are the foremost common contaminants in wastewater [7]. Distinctively, with a yearly estimation of over 70,000 tons of dyes produced, during the dyeing processes, 15% are being misapplied [8,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%