Fate of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes during enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by microwave pretreatment

Factors influencing the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during thermochemical pretreatment and anaerobic digestion of pharmaceutical waste sludge

“…Most of the individual ARGs were reduced after pretreatments but increased after AD. The tendency of ARGs decreasing during pretreatment but enriching after the subsequent AD is consistent with previous studies dealing with pretreatment and AD of sewage sludge (Ma et al, 2011;Pei et al, 2016;Tong et al, 2016). It is interesting that the increases or reduction of ereA, mefA/E, tetM, tetO, mphB, and Tn916/1545 in Figure 6 were more significant for the AD with pretreatment than that of the AD without pretreatment.…”

Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in enterococci and genomic DNA during anaerobic digestion of pharmaceutical waste sludge with different pretreatments

“…S1). The tendency of the total absolute abundance of ARGs to decrease during pretreatment but increase after the subsequent AD was consistent with previous research (Ma et al, 2011;Pei et al, 2016;Tong et al, 2016) on enhanced AD for sewage sludge. The influence factors are complicated, and the variation of biomass might be one important reason .…”

Profiles and drivers of antibiotic resistance genes distribution in one-stage and two-stage sludge anaerobic digestion based on microwave-H2O2 pretreatment

“…A few studies have investigated the fate of ARGs during AD of WAS, and they suggested that AD could be used to reduce ARGs abundance (Zhang et al, 2016b;Ma et al, 2011), while our previous studies further confirmed that MW-WAS further facilitated ARGs reduction (Zhang et al, 2016b;Tong et al, 2016). However, it was indicated that the concentration of ARGs in AD effluents may not be directly related to the influent concentrations, because the presence of ARGs was influenced greatly by AD operating conditions and the composition of the microbial community (Miller et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2011;Youngquist et al, 2016), that is, the operating conditions of AD may be the primary factor that governed the composition of the bacterial community and the subsequent prevalence of ARGs (Youngquist et al, 2016).…”