Fate of an Antifoulant in an Aquatic Environment

Jacobson, Andrew; Mazza, Leonardo; Lawrence, L. J.; Lawrence, Barbara; Jackson, Scott D.; Kesterson, A.

doi:10.1021/bk-1993-0522.ch012

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Sea-Nine 211 was reported to have a half-life of 8.5 days in natural coastal seawater (Callow & Willingham, 1996). The half-life of Sea-Nine 211 was less than 1h in an aerobic microcosm (Jacobson et al, 1993). It is assumed that Sea-Nine 211 is degraded quickly by bacteria.…”

Section: Biodegradation Of Antifouling Biocidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of antifouling booster biocides in water

et al. 2005

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The concentrations of booster compounds were surveyed in the port of Osaka, Japan. The concentrations of Sea-Nine 211, Diuron and Irgarol 1051 in water samples from the port of Osaka were in the ranges <0·30–0·55 ng l−1, 13–350 ng l−1, 1·3–77 ng l−1, respectively. Pyrithiones were not detected in water samples. The levels of Diuron and Irgarol 1051 in the port of Osaka were high in the mooring area for small and medium-hull vessels with poor flushing.Susceptibility of bacterial populations in estuarine water to antifouling biocides was studied. Sea-Nine 211, Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Copper pyrithione dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were added to estuarine water and number of colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria in estuarine water was counted using R2A agar plate. The CFU was not decreased at the concentration less than 1·0 mg/l of Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Copper pyrithione. However, CFU was decreased at 0·1 mg/l of Sea-Nine 211. Degradation of Sea-Nine 211, Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Copper pyrithione by bacteria in estuarine water was studied using a die-away method. At an initial concentrations of 0·1 mg/l, observed half-lives of Sea-Nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 10 and 20 days, respectively. In contrast, Diuron and Irgarol 1051 were degraded scarcely during 60 days of culture.Photodegradation of these booster biocides by sunlight and UV light were studied. Under UV, all biocides were below detection limit after one day of irradiation. Under sunlight, Copper pyrithiones were also below detection limits after one day. Drastic decrease of Sea-Nine 211 concentration was observed after one day. Diuron and Irgarol 1051 scarcely decreased during 17 days of sunlight irradiation.

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Section: Biodegradation Of Antifouling Biocidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of antifouling booster biocides in water

et al. 2005

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“…41 In another study on the fate of Kathon in the aquatic environment, it was found that its half-life was less than 1 h in both an aerobic and an anaerobic microcosm consisting of marine sediment and seawater. 42 The toxicity of diuron has been studied in 30day-old Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and the 24, 48, 96 and 168 h LC 50 values were found to be 23.3, 19.9, 14.2 and 7.7 mg l À1 respectively. Diuron exposures of concentrations less than 78 "g l À1 did not significantly affect hatchability of fathead minnow eggs or fish growth (up to 60 days post-hatch).…”

Section: Degradation and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative antifouling biocides

Voulvoulis

Scrimshaw

Lester

1999

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

208

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In response to increasing scientific evidence on the toxicity and occurrence of organotin residues from antifouling paints in the aquatic environment, the use of triorganotin antifouling products was banned on boats of less than 25 m length in many countries during 1987. The use of tributyltin (TBT) products on small boats was superseded by products based on copper, containing organic booster biocides to improve the efficacy of the formulation. Available information and evidence on the occurrence, fate and toxicity of these biocides is reviewed. It is concluded that increased copper concentrations in the aquatic environment, due to the increased use of copper‐based antifoulants, do not have significant effects on marine ecosystems. However, lack of validated analytical methods, limited monitoring data, and very little information about the fate and toxicity of the booster biocides in the aquatic environment, make accurate risk assessments in relation to these compounds difficult. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments

Voulvoulis

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Fate of an Antifoulant in an Aquatic Environment

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Degradation of antifouling booster biocides in water

Degradation of antifouling booster biocides in water

Alternative antifouling biocides

Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments

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