Fate and removal of metals in municipal wastewater treatment: a review

Hargreaves, Andrew J.; Constantino, Carlos J. L.; Dotro, Gabriela; Cartmell, Elise; Campo, Pablo

doi:10.1080/21622515.2017.1423398

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Conventional treatment here refers to primary settling followed by the activated sludge process (ASP) or biological nutrient removal (BNR). Hargreaves et al [12] reviewed current heavy metal removal and performance of additional treatment processes for enhanced removal to minimize heavy metal concentrations in effluents (not considering heavy metal elimination from sludge). Possible technologies for enhancing the removal of heavy metals during primary settling were not reviewed previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review

Sylwan

Thorin

2021

Water

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Resource reuse has become an important aspect of wastewater management. At present, use of sludge in agriculture is one of the major reuse routes. Conventional municipal wastewater treatment does not involve any designated process for removal of heavy metals, and these distribute mainly between effluent and sludge. Enhanced removal of heavy metals during primary treatment may decrease the heavy metal concentrations in both effluent and sludge from secondary treatment and promote long-term reuse of secondary sludge. This review considers heavy metal occurrence and removal during primary settling, together with possible treatment technologies for heavy metal removal in primary settlers and their theoretical performance. The variation in total heavy metal concentrations and dissolved fraction in raw municipal wastewater points to a need for site-specific assessments of appropriate technologies for improved heavy metal removal. Studies examining the heavy metal speciation beyond dissolved/particulate are few. Missing or disparate information on process parameters such as hydraulic retention time, pH and composition of return flows makes it hard to generalize the findings from studies concerning heavy metal removal in primary settlers. Coagulation/flocculation and use of low-cost sorbents were identified as the most promising methods for enhancing heavy metal removal during primary settling. Based on the available data on heavy metal speciation and removal during primary settling, sorption technologies may be most effective for enhancing the removal of Cu and Ni, while coagulation may be efficient for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg removal (but not as efficient for Ni removal).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review

Sylwan

Thorin

2021

Water

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“…The exponential growth in the population in our world and the development in the industrialization sectors resulted in critical environmental pollution (Hargreaves et al 2018;Herath et al 2016). Several approaches have been suggested to lower the pollution effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science and Technology Roadmap for Adsorption of Metallic Contaminants from Aqueous Effluents Using Biopolymers and Its’ Derivatives

Ali

Chowdhury

Rafique

et al. 2021

Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation of Water

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Large amount of heavy metal pollutants are discharging by industries which are hazardous for environment. Several metallic pollutants like copper (II), nickel (II), lead (II), cadmium (II), and zinc (II) introduced in water can cause serious threat to aquatic environment. Biopolymers are promising candidate for elimination of heavy metals from waste stream. In this chapter, biopolymers based on polysaccharides can be classified into four sub-categories: homopolymers, blends of polysaccharide, copolymers, and functionalized polysaccharide or their composites. Natural biopolymers like alginate,chitosan, cellulose, chitin, and starch contain numerous surface active groups which can act as binding agent to eliminate heavy metals from water. Introduction of secondary functional groups with biopolymers enhances its' mechanical strength which is essential for recyclability of the adsorbent to ensure economical application of biopolymers for industrial scale waste water treatment plant. This chapter provides the in-depth mechanism of heavy metal interactions with the bio-polymeric surface using π-π, dipole-dipole reaction. Furthermore, it can go for hydrogen network, or weak Van-der-walls attraction with the co-polymers, homopolymer, blending of polymers, as well as biopolymer/composite matrix containing negative ions or electron-enriched groups. The concluding part of the chapter illustrates the adsorptive behavior of cations using kinetics and isotherms analysis of the equilibrium system for waste water treatment.

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“…Different sources such as smelters, tanneries, textile, fuel production, military activities, chemical industry, mining, application of fertilizer, urban sewage, waste incineration, and unsafe disposal of hazardous industrial wastes release various toxic heavy metals into the environment Verma and Suthar 2015;Hargreaves et al 2018;Ali et al 2020). Some conventional techniques that are used for remediation of heavy metal pollutants include oxidation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, coagulation-occulation, ion exchange, membrane ltration, ozonation, hydrogen peroxide-based methods,, photocatalytic degradation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and electrochemical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu and Pb Accumulation and Removal From Aqueous Medium by Enydra Fluctuans DC. (Asteraceae) - A Medicinal Plant With Potential for Phytoremediation

Parven

Gupta

2021

Preprint

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Enydra fluctuans DC. (Asteraceae) is an edible semi-aquatic floating or trailing herbaceous plant widely distributed in tropical Africa, South and South East Asia, and Australia. Its leaves, which are consumed as a vegetable, are also used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. The efficacy of this plant in removal of copper and lead from aqueous medium was tested in the present study. Accumulation of both Cu and Pb was significantly higher in root than that in leaf and stem. Though all the bioconcentration factor (BCF) values were greater than unity, none of the translocation factor (TF) values was greater than unity, indicating that this plant could not be considered a hyperaccumulator of these metals. Nevertheless, E. fluctuans could remove Cu from aqueous medium at rates ranging from 98.8–99.7 %, with a mean reduction of 99.2 % after 96 h exposure at various concentrations. The removal of Pb ranged from 97.1–99.1 %, with a mean reduction of 98.2 %. Thus, E. fluctuans showed high potential in removal of Cu and Pb from aqueous medium, and has the prospect of being used in phytoremediation of these metals.

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Fate and removal of metals in municipal wastewater treatment: a review

Cited by 55 publications

References 129 publications

Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review

Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review

Science and Technology Roadmap for Adsorption of Metallic Contaminants from Aqueous Effluents Using Biopolymers and Its’ Derivatives

Cu and Pb Accumulation and Removal From Aqueous Medium by Enydra Fluctuans DC. (Asteraceae) - A Medicinal Plant With Potential for Phytoremediation

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