Fate and effects of Ekofisk crude oil in the littoral of a Norwegian fjord

Predicting ecological resilience of marine benthic communities facing a high risk of oil spills

“…The herbivores in turn were severely decimated, namely the mobile herbivore species. We believe that herbivores such as amphipods and isopods were negatively affected due to characteristics of their escape behaviour and hydrophobic properties of their body [20,37,38]. The decline of amphipods is also known to be the most consistent pattern of previous oil spills [12,39].…”

Effects of diesel oil on recolonization of benthic algae

“…Species composition and succession on the steps earlier on B1 S than B2 S . However, Bonsdorff & Nelson (1981) found that newly settled spat of the The chips on the steps in both basins (BI S and same species in a Norwegian fjord could be nega-B2 S) showed a notable similarity in covering de-tively affected by oil pollution . gree .…”

Short- and long-term effects of accidental oil pollution in waters of the Nordic countries

“…Still, thick layers of oil will suffocate them (Wikander 1982). Mobile organisms such as crustaceans may escape by seeking deeper water, but escape responses can also cause animals to get stuck in the oil (Bonsdorff and Nelson 1981). In general, crustaceans, and in particular amphipods, have been found to be sensitive to oil spills (den Hartog and Jacobs 1980, Sanders et al 1980, Elmgren et al 1983, Teal and Howarth 1984, Cross et al 1987, Kingston et al 1995.…”