“…In all cases, as in those occurring in childhood, there was a history of antecedent disease, although in two of these (Parillo, 1950;Ffrench and Shenoi, 1954) the exact nature of the underlying disease is obscure. In 17 cases moniliasis occurred after operation; in three cases it followed extraction of wisdom teeth (Wegmann, 1954;Beuthe, 1955;Skobel, Jorke and Schabinski, 1955); in two cases (Richet, Drouhet, Ducrot and Jungers, 1959;Stein, 1959) it complicated cholecystectomy; in one it occurred after laparotomy for the relief of obstruction (Conn, Crean, MacCabe and MacLean, 1959); in another after duodenal fistula and subphrenic abscess; it complicated pelvic surgery (Louria and Dineen, 1960;Lehner, 1964), abdominal surgery for regional ileitis (Louria and Dineen, 1960), portal caval anastomosis (Matthias and Rees, 1956), resection of the ileum (Braude and Rock, 1959), pyelotomy for calculus (Richart and Dammin, 1960), Hurley, 1964. and compound fractures with transverse loop colostomy and suprapubic cytostomy (Connett, 1960), two cases of carcinoma of the mouth and carotid catheterisation, (Lewin, 1963) and cystectomy (Lehner, 1964). In other cases reported by Brown, Propp, Guest, Beebe and Early (1953) and by Stein (1959) there was traumatic perforation of the duodenum.…”