Acute Disseminated (Septicaemic) Moniliasis in Adults and Children

Hurley, Rosalinde

doi:10.1136/pgmj.40.469.644

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…In one case, that of a child with the Swiss type of familial lymphocytopenic agammaglobulinemia, disseminated candidiasis followed antibiotic therapy for bacterial infection (42). Although the patient's immunological deficiency cannot be discounted as a predisposing factor, antibiotic therapy has been reported to precede disseminated candidiasis in children (17). It recently became apparent that several disorders may be associated with defective neutrophil phagocytic or microbicidal function (16, 32, 35, 44;C.…”

Section: Effect Of Serum Factors On Killing Of Intracellularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction ofCandida albicanswith Human Leukocytes and Serum

1969

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A quantitative assay of candidacidal activity based on differential staining of non-viable Candida albicans by methylene blue was developed and applied to studies of leukocytes from normal individuals and patients with fungal and other infections. Serum factors were necessary for optimal phagocytosis of C. albicans but lacked direct candidacidal activity. Normal human neutrophils (38 studies) killed 29.0 ± 7.4% of ingested C. albicans in 1 hr. Eosinophils and monocytes killed a smaller percentage. Neutrophil candidacidal activity did not require protein or ribonucleic acid synthesis by the leukocyte but was inhibited by anaerobic conditions, potassium cyanide, and colchicine. Leukocytes of a patient with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency and of three children with chronic granulomatous disease phagocytized C. albicans normally, yet failed to kill them. Our data suggest that the neutrophil can play an important role in resistance to Candida infection and that the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase and its oxidant substrate hydrogen peroxide are the major participants in neutrophil candidacidal activity.

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Section: Effect Of Serum Factors On Killing Of Intracellularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction ofCandida albicanswith Human Leukocytes and Serum

1969

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“…Often the affected patients have been leukopenic or have received antibiotic, immunosuppressive, or cytotoxic therapy (40,43,44). Our patient had taken no drugs other than tolbutamide, prescribed for asymptomatic adult-onset diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Functional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte myeloperoxidase deficiency and disseminated candidiasis: the role of myeloperoxidase in resistance to Candida infection

Lehrer¹,

Cline²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

666

278

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A B S T R A C T The neutrophils and monocytes of a patient with disseminated candidiasis were found to lack detectable levels of the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), although they had normal levels of other granule-associated enzymes. Leukocytes from one of the patient's sisters also lacked detectable MPO; leukocytes from his four sons contained approximately one-third of mean normal peroxidase levels. Neither the patient nor his affected relatives had experienced frequent or unusual bacterial infections.The phagocytic activity of the patient's MPO-deficient neutrophils was intact, and the cells displayed normal morphologic and metabolic responses to phagocytosis. In contrast to normal leukocytes which killed 30.5 ±7.3% of ingested Candida albicans in 1 hr, however, the patient's neutrophils killed virtually none. His leukocytes also failed to kill the strain of C. albicans recovered from his lesions, as well as other Candida. species. These MPO-deficient neutrophils killed Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus 502A at an abnormally slow rate, requiring 3-4 hr to achieve the bactericidal effect attained by normal leukocytes after 45 min. No other abnormalities in his cellular or humoral immune responses were demonstrated.These findings suggest that hereditary MPO deficiency is transmitted as an autosomal recessive characteristic, that the homozygous state conveys enhanced susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis, and that MPO is necessary for candidacidal activity in human neutrophils.This work was presented in part at the National Meeting of the American Federation for Clinical Research, Atlantic City, N. J., and published in abstract form (1).

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“…In 1940, endocarditis by Candida was also reported for the first time [10]. A review of such cases, performed by Hurley, in 1964 detected 16 reports on disseminated candidiasis [11]. The reports on Candida isolation from the blood stream became more frequent after the introduction of antibiotics use as a usual practice, in 1940 [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of blood stream infections by Candida in three tertiary hospitals in Salvador, Brazil: a case-control study

Barberino¹,

Silva²,

Rebouças³

et al. 2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. are an important problem in immunocompromised patients. There is scarce data on the epidemiology of blood stream candidiasis in Salvador, Brazil. This study evaluates the risk factors associated with candidemia, among patients admitted to three tertiary, private hospitals, in Salvador, Brazil. We conducted a case-control, retrospective study to compare patients with diagnosis of candidemia in three different tertiary hospitals in Salvador, Brazil. Patients were matched for nosocomial, acquired infections, according to the causal agent: cases were defined by positive blood cultures for Candida species. Controls were those patients who had a diagnosis of systemic bacterial infection, with a positive blood culture to any bacteria, within the same time period (+/- 30 days) of case identification. The groups were compared for the main known risk factors for candidemia and for mortality rates. A hundred thirty-eight patients were identified. Among the 69 cases, only 14 were diagnosed as infected by Candida albicans. Candida species were defined in only eight cultures: C. tropicalis (4 cases), C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondi, C. formata (1 case each). The main risk factors, identified in a univariate analysis, were: presence of a central venous catheter (CVC), use of parenteral nutrition support (PNS), previous exposure to antibiotics, and chronic renal failure (CRF). No association was detected with surgical procedures, diabetes mellitus, neutropenia or malignancies. Patients were more likely to die during the hospitalization period, but the rates of death caused by the infections were similar for cases and controls. The length of hospitalization was similar for both groups, as well as the time for a positive blood culture. Blood stream infection by Candida spp. is associated with CVC, PNS, previous use of antibiotics, and CRF. The higher mortality rate for cases probably better reflects the severity of the underlying diseases, than as a direct consequence of Candidemia.

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Acute Disseminated (Septicaemic) Moniliasis in Adults and Children

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Interaction ofCandida albicanswith Human Leukocytes and Serum

Interaction ofCandida albicanswith Human Leukocytes and Serum

Leukocyte myeloperoxidase deficiency and disseminated candidiasis: the role of myeloperoxidase in resistance to Candida infection

Evaluation of blood stream infections by Candida in three tertiary hospitals in Salvador, Brazil: a case-control study

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