Fatal Endocarditis Due to Listeria monocytogenes

Carvajal, Ana; Frederiksen, Wilhelm

doi:10.1093/clinids/10.3.616

Cited by 56 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For chronic alcoholics, the involved pathogens are more likely to be related to the underlying immunocompromising condition rather than to specific practices. B. quintana, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Campylobacter fetus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pasteurella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes are most commonly found (38,65,77,104). Portal hypertension and splenic shunt, which occurs with cirrhosis in these patients, may allow prolonged bacteremia and subsequent valvular infection.…”

Section: Medical Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute congestive heart failure is found in 50% of patients. An underlying immunocompromised situation, such as cancer, lymphoma, prolonged corticosteroid therapy, kidney transplantation, chronic hemodialysis, HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, or pregnancy, is recorded in most patients (38,93,260; L. M. Baddour, Letter, Rev. Infect.…”

Section: Gram-positive Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocarditis Due to Rare and Fastidious Bacteria

2001

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The etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis is easily made in the presence of continuous bacteremia with gram-positive cocci. However, the blood culture may contain a bacterium rarely associated with endocarditis, such as Lactobacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., or nontoxigenic Corynebacterium, Salmonella, Gemella, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Yersinia, Nocardia, Pasteurella, Listeria, or Erysipelothrix spp., that requires further investigation to establish the relationship with endocarditis, or the blood culture may be uninformative despite a supportive clinical evaluation. In the latter case, the etiologic agents are either fastidious extracellular or intracellular bacteria. Fastidious extracellular bacteria such as Abiotrophia, HACEK group bacteria, Clostridium, Brucella, Legionella, Mycobacterium, and Bartonella spp. need supplemented media, prolonged incubation time, and special culture conditions. Intracellular bacteria such as Coxiella burnetii cannot be isolated routinely. The two most prevalent etiologic agents of culture-negative endocarditis are C. burnetti and Bartonella spp. Their diagnosis is usually carried out serologically. A systemic pathologic examination of excised heart valves including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and molecular methods has allowed the identification of Whipple's bacillus endocarditis. Pathologic examination of the valve using special staining, such as Warthin-Starry, Gimenez, and PAS, and broad-spectrum PCR should be performed systematically when no etiologic diagnosis is evident through routine laboratory evaluation

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Section: Medical Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gram-positive Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocarditis Due to Rare and Fastidious Bacteria

2001

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“…When endocarditis develops, Listeria infection primarily involves the left side of the heart, although tricuspid endocarditis with pulmonary septic emboli has been described [58]. The mortality rate in Listeria endocarditis is quite high (up to 50%), and recurrences despite antimicrobial therapy have been described [59]. Furthermore, there is a high rate of septic complications.…”

Section: Organ System Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on listeria monocytogenes infection

Crum

2002

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacillus that causes meningitis, encephalitis, bacteremia, and febrile gastroenteritis. Most disease occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Recent seroepidemiologic studies show that the infection is foodborne. Due to the increasing number of immunosuppressed individuals at risk for listeriosis, as well as the persistence of substantial foodborne outbreaks, L. monocytogenes has gained worldwide attention as an important pathogen. Heightened surveillance and quality control by the food industry have been instituted, leading to a reduction in the number of cases and deaths from this infection in the past decade. However, due to the ubiquity of the organism in the environment, outbreaks and sporadic disease continue to occur. The standard therapy for listeriosis is a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin or, for patients who are intolerant of b-lactam agents, trimethoprim-sulfamethazole. Despite the availability of therapy, the mortality rate remains high in those with T-cell immunodeficiencies.

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“…Listerial endocarditis accounts for -7.5% of listerial infections in adults [8], affects the population at risk for viridans streptococcal endocarditis, produces both native valve and prosthetic valve disease, and is associated with a high rate of septic complications and a mortality rate of 48% [83]. Listerial endocarditis (but not bacteremia per se) may be an indicator of underlying gastrointestinal tract pathology, including cancer [2].…”

Section: Clinical Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%