Fatal cryptococcal meningitis in a HIV‐seronegative patient with liver cirrhosis

Disseminated cryptococcosis in a deceased with HIV‐1 diagnosed by minimally invasive tissue sampling technique

“…Cryptococcus causes meningoencephalitis and disseminated cryptococcosis usually in immunocompromised hosts, 4,5 though cases of cryptococcal meningitis have also been reported in immunocompetent patients. [6][7][8] The research on the prevalence of cryptococcosis is very sparse in literature from Nepal. In a record review of one fiscal year in the major tertiary center of Nepal, among 15 patients with Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, the majority (9, 60%) had HIV infection.…”

“…Gross examination during the autopsy failed to attribute the cause of death, but the ancillary investigations were useful to establish disseminated cryptococcosis as the final or direct cause of death with HIV/AIDS as an underlying cause. Cryptococcus causes meningoencephalitis and disseminated cryptococcosis usually in immunocompromised hosts, 4,5 though cases of cryptococcal meningitis have also been reported in immunocompetent patients 6‐8 . The research on the prevalence of cryptococcosis is very sparse in literature from Nepal.…”

Cryptococcal meningitis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Nepal: Perspectives from resource limited setting

“…A relatively lower prevalence (2%–2.4%) of cryptococcal meningitis was reported by some researchers of our region 17–19 . Few studies in Nepal have reported cryptococcal meningitis in non‐HIV cases associated with other conditions like liver diseases and prolonged steroid therapy 17,20,21 . However, the proportion of cryptococcal meningitis in PLHIV is higher than in non‐HIV cases.…”

“…22 Similar to other studies, the cryptococcal meningitis cases in this study were between 24 and 69 years of age. 6,16,20 Our study demonstrated that cryptococcoal meningitis is more common in males than in females. This male preponderance of cryptococcal meningitis might be related to the gender-specific behaviour and sex-related physiology.…”

“…[17][18][19] Few studies in Nepal have reported cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV cases associated with other conditions like liver diseases and prolonged steroid therapy. 17,20,21 However, the proportion of cryptococcal meningitis in PLHIV is higher than in non-HIV cases. This might be due to suppression of cell-mediated immunity in PLHIV, which predisposes them for opportunistic infections.…”