Disseminated cryptococcosis in a deceased with HIV‐1 diagnosed by minimally invasive tissue sampling technique

Abstract

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Disseminated Cryptococcal Infection in HIV-Infected Patients: A Retrospective Clinicopathological Review of 4 Autopsy Cases

“…Whilst the CNS and lung involvement were the commonest in all these studies, other organs such as spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, etc were involved as evident in our cohort. 2 , 16 Furthermore, there was no co-infection such as candidiasis, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in our cases as was evident in some of the cases from a study by Hurtado et al 2 …”

“…A case by Subedi et al 16 may be a lesson that minimally invasive autopsy could be an important alternative to complete autopsy in the diagnosis of CI or any other instances where complete autopsy is not feasible. All these studies further highlight the importance of performing autopsy in HIV infection to determine the cause of death, especially where an antemortem diagnosis is not obvious and/or challenging.…”

“…15 Whilst an autopsy study by Klock et al 15 seems to be largest to date, it only concentrated on CNS features of CI rather than on all organs in contrast to studies by Hurtado et al 2 and Subedi et al 16 Hurtado et al 2 compared autopsy cases from Mozambique and Brazil in which the Brazilian cohort consisted of a total of 17 cases from total of 284 cases which consisted of 163 of HIV positive cases; whilst the Mozambican cohort consisted of 11 cases from a total of 169 patients from which 109 were HIV-infected. The most recent case report has been described by Subedi et al 16 in 2021 about an HIV positive patient with DCI. In all these studies, the cases were HIV positive except on only one case in a study by Hurtado et al where the patient was HIV negative.…”

Burden of Serious Bacterial Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in an Adult Population of Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Informed Mortality Surveillance of Community and Hospital Deaths

“…Determining Efficiently the Cause of Death among Adults and Generating Mortality Evidence at MITS Alliance Unit Nepal is the first-ever mortality surveillance research in Nepal that collected clinical specimens through minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and performed histopathological and microbiological tests to determine the cause of death [ 16 ]. In the current substudy, we aimed to estimate the burden of bacterial infections in the adult population, measured in terms of mortality attributable to a particular infection.…”

Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Surveillance Alliance—Facilitating the Expansion of Pathology-Based Mortality Surveillance

“…This supplement highlights initial findings from 19 projects funded through the MITS Alliance small grants program, which is supporting MITS-informed CoD research across 3 continents (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) in 12 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, and Pakistan) [ 16 ].…”