Fat structure and composition in human milk and infant formulas: Implications in infant health

Mehrotra, Vipul; Sehgal, Sunil Kumar; Bangale, Nikhil

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2018.03.005

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Studies have shown that this specific position of triglycerides in palmitic acid improves the absorption of both palmitic acid and macro-elements such as calcium and magnesium. This improved absorption decreases constipation and enhances the BF infant's intestinal well-being [64,65].…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of the Human Milk Metabolome and Its Role in Infant Health

et al. 2020

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Human milk is needed for optimal growth as it satisfies both the nutritional and biological needs of an infant. The established relationship between breastfeeding and an infant’s health is attributable to the nutritional and non-nutritional, functional components of human milk including metabolites such as the lipids, amino acids, biogenic amines and carbohydrates. These components have diverse roles, including protecting the infant against infections and guiding the development of the infant’s immature immune system. In this review, we provide an in-depth and updated insight into the immune modulatory and anti-infective role of human milk metabolites and their effects on infant health and development. We also review the literature on potential determinants of the human milk metabolome, including maternal infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and mastitis.

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Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of the Human Milk Metabolome and Its Role in Infant Health

et al. 2020

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“…29 O ácido oleico (AO, 18:1n-9) é o AG predominante dentre os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMIs) do LH, sendo considerado um AG marcador do leite maduro, utilizado pelo neonato principalmente como fonte energética, além de favorecer a absorção de gordura pelo intestino delgado e a mielinização dos axônios. 22,10,25,30 Dentre os ácidos graxos saturados (AGSs) do LH, o ácido palmítico (AP, 16:0) é o majoritário. Este AG apresenta efeitos analgésicos por elevar os níveis de anandamida, neurotransmissor responsável pela ligação endógena que ocorre em receptores canabinóides do cérebro, podendo produzir sedação.…”

Section: Lipídios Presentes No Glóbulo De Gordura Do Leite Humanounclassified

Analytical Methods Used for the Determination of Lipids in Human Milk: A Review

Rydlewski¹,

Pizzo²,

Manin³

et al. 2020

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Human milk is considered the ideal and most complete food for the neonate, due to its balanced nutritional composition, which contributes to the full physical and neurological development of the infant. The lipids present in human milk are sources of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 series, such as linoleic acid and omega-3 series, such as α-linolenic acid, are essential and are also precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are involved in a number of functions, such as the development of the nervous system during childhood and the increase in the intelligence quotient of the infant. Due to the lipid importance of human milk, the aim of this review article was to present the analytical methods that are currently being employed to determine its lipid composition. There are few scientific advances in lipid extraction methods and to date, most studies have evaluated the composition of fatty acids by gas chromatography. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have been widely used to identify and quantify different classes of lipids of human milk. O leite humano é considerado o alimento ideal e mais completo para o neonato, devido à sua composição nutricional equilibrada, contribuindo para o pleno desenvolvimento físico e neurológico do lactente. Os lipídios presentes no leite humano são fontes de ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados. Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados da série ômega-6, como o ácido linoleico e da série ômega-3, como o α-linolênico, são essenciais e também são precursores de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa, como o ácido araquidônico, ácido eicosapentaenoico e ácido docosahexaenoico, que estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso e no aumento do quociente de inteligência do lactente. Devido à importância lipídica do leite humano, o objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi apresentar os métodos analíticos que têm sido atualmente mais empregados para determinar sua composição lipídica. Há poucos avanços científicos quanto aos métodos de extração lipídica e até o presente momento, grande parte dos estudos avaliaram, a composição em ácidos graxos, a partir de cromatografia em fase gasosa. A cromatografia líquida e a espectrometria de massas têm sido utilizadas para identificação e quantificação de distintas classes lipídicas presentes no leite humano.

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“…It is located in the TAG sn-2 region, simplifying the pancreatic lipase action that specifically hydrolyzes the FA at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions converting the palmitic acid to sn-2 MAG, which is generally well absorbed resulting in improvement of intestinal discomfort, decreasing colic and crying of the newborn. [25] In addition, the palmitic acid position influences the n-acylentanolamides, including levels of anandamide, which presents analgesic effects contributing to the enlightenment of the association between the palmitic acid position and the baby cry behavior [14].…”

Section: Importance Of Fatty Acids In Human Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids and Fatty Acids in Human Milk: Benefits and Analysis

Visentainer¹,

Santos²,

Maldaner³

et al. 2018

Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids

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Human milk is related to the physiological and nutritional welfare of newborns, providing the necessary dietary energy, physiologically active compounds and essential nutrients for breastfed babies. Human milk fat has an important position as energy source, structural and regulatory functions, being one of the most important components of breast milk. It provides approximately 50-60% of the energy of the human milk, and its composition in fatty acids defines its nutritional and physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, human milk contains the longchain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (LCPUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is important for appropriate development of baby's organs, tissues and nervous system. This chapter will address the benefits associated with the consumption of human milk (health, nutritional, immunological and developmental benefits) as well as the analysis applied to determine the lipid quality of this powerful food.

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Fat structure and composition in human milk and infant formulas: Implications in infant health

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

The Determinants of the Human Milk Metabolome and Its Role in Infant Health

The Determinants of the Human Milk Metabolome and Its Role in Infant Health

Analytical Methods Used for the Determination of Lipids in Human Milk: A Review

Lipids and Fatty Acids in Human Milk: Benefits and Analysis

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