Fat-soluble Vitamin Nutrition for Dairy Cattle

Herdt, Thomas H.; Stowe, Howard D.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30796-9

Cited by 69 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Therefore, it would appear that some animals might be vitamin E deficient in the time of green pasture, which is unexpected as green forage is very good source of vitamin E (McDowell et al, 1996). The availability of vitamin E can be adversely influenced by poor fat digestion or some other dietary or environmental factors (Herdt and Stowe, 1991). Vitamin E concentrations observed in this study were similar as reported mean vitamin E concentration (2.97 μmol/l) in the study on adult llamas (Dart et al, 1996) and much lower than mean vitamin E values for adult female and male llamas (7.05 and 4.71 μmol/l, respectively) reported by Smith et al (1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for biochemical parameters in blood serum of young and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Husáková

Pavlata

Pechová

et al. 2014

Animal

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The aim of this study was to establish reference interval for biochemical parameters in blood of alpacas on the basis of large population of clinically healthy animals, and to determine the influence of sex, age and season on nitrogen and lipid metabolites, enzymes, electrolytes, vitamins and minerals in blood of alpacas. Blood samples were collected from 311 alpacas (61 males and 201 females > 6 months of age and 49 crias (21 males and 28 females) ⩽ 6 months of age). Selected farms were located in Central Europe (Czech Republic and Germany). We determined 24 biochemical parameters from blood serum. We performed the comparison of results by the sex of animals and for the older group also the comparison of the results with regard to the season, respectively, to the feeding period. We found no highly significant difference (P < 0.01) between males and females with the exception of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cholesterol. We found 15 significantly different parameters between the group of crias 6 months of age and the older alpacas. Based on our findings we suggest for most parameters to use different reference intervals (especially ALP, cholesterol, total protein, globulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), GGT and phosphorus) for the two above-mentioned age groups. Another important finding is the differences between some parameters in older group of alpacas in summer/winter feeding period. Animals in the summer feeding period have higher values of parameters related to fat mobilization (β-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA) and liver metabolism (bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase). The winter period with increased feeding of supplements with higher amount of fat, vitamins and minerals is characteristic by increased values of cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamins A and E, and some minerals (K, Ca, Mg and Cl) in blood serum. Clinical laboratory diagnosis of metabolic disturbances may be improved with use of age-based reference values and with consideration of seasonal differences.Keywords: alpaca, llama, reference ranges, clinical pathology, seasonal differences ImplicationsOne of the important methods of monitoring health status is evaluation of blood. To interpret results correctly we need to consider species-specific differences, and influence of other factors: gender, age, nutrition, season and environment. South American camelids -especially alpacas -are growing in popularity all over Europe and yet there is lack of knowledge of above-mentioned factors on their blood parameters. This study evaluated influence of these factors on blood parameters of alpacas. The result should help veterinarians and alpaca breeders with correct interpretation of blood tests to diagnose clinical and subclinical metabolic health problem and possible nutritional disturbances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for biochemical parameters in blood serum of young and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Husáková

Pavlata

Pechová

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…In the present investigation, it was found that serum from dams contained β-carotene 3,042 ng/mL and lutein 79 ng/mL . Desirable blood concentrations are considered to be in excess of 3,000 ng/mL in dairy cattle 10 . Phaffia yeast contains 1.90 mg/g of β-carotene.…”

Section: Discussuonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Xanthophylls from the Phaffia Yeast (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhrous) in Calves

et al. 2014

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“…According to Herdt and Stowe (1991) the evaluation of vitamin A metabolic balance is not a routine practice in animals but it should be considered as part of the general health diagnosis of the herd, especially if there is evidence of a decrease in reproductive efficiency and immunosuppression of unknown origin. Hammell et al (2000) have mentioned that the hepatic concentration of vitamin A is the most reliable indicator used to evaluate the metabolic balance of vitamin A in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hammell et al (2000) have mentioned that the hepatic concentration of vitamin A is the most reliable indicator used to evaluate the metabolic balance of vitamin A in animals. However, even though the determination of plasma concentration of retinol is a less sensitive indicator, it is the most practical and useful method to evaluate the status of vitamin A in the herd (Herdt and Stowe 1991), with plasma concentrations between 25 and 60 µg/dL indicating an acceptable level of the vitamin in adult cattle (Frye et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma retinol concentration in grazing heifers: First data obtained from a dairy herd in the south of Chile

et al. 2008

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Fat-soluble Vitamin Nutrition for Dairy Cattle

Cited by 69 publications

References 132 publications

Reference values for biochemical parameters in blood serum of young and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Reference values for biochemical parameters in blood serum of young and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Accumulation of Xanthophylls from the Phaffia Yeast (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhrous) in Calves

Plasma retinol concentration in grazing heifers: First data obtained from a dairy herd in the south of Chile

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