Fat in the liver: diagnosis and characterization

Valls, Carlos; Iannacconne, Ricardo; Alba, Esther; Murakami, Takamichi; Hori, Masatoshi; Passariello, Roberto; Vilgrain, Valérie

doi:10.1007/s00330-006-0146-0

Cited by 148 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Focal fat sparing in diffuse fatty liver is reported and well described in the literature (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). It is speculated that fat sparing may occur due to altered fatty acid and triglyceride levels associated with different compositions of hormones in the portal flow and third inflow (2).…”

Section: Fat Sparingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Imaging of aberrant left gastric vein and associated pseudolesions of segments II and III of the liver and mimickers

Ünal¹,

Ozmen²,

Akata³

et al. 2015

Diagn Interv Radiol

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We present imaging findings of aberrant left gastric vein (ALGV) and associated pseudolesions and mimickers including metastases and focal nodular hyperplasia. ALGV is formed due to interrupted involution of anastomotic omental veins, and it can drain into left portal vein or segments II and III of the liver as third inflow. Focal fat, focal fat sparing, and perfusion changes can be seen due to the presence of ALGV, which can mimic metastasis in cancer patients. ALGV may also serve as a pathway for direct tumor spread into the liver in patients with gastric cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used as a problem solving tool in the presence of equivocal findings on ultrasonography and computed tomography. Pseudolesions of the liver are a well-known issue and have been reported in the literature. These pseudolesions are caused by aberrant hepatopedal venous flow other than portal venous system, also known as third inflow. Third inflow is most commonly due to aberrant right gastric, paraumbilical, and cholecystic veins (1-3). Pseudolesions caused by aberrant left gastric vein (ALGV) are considered to be a more rare entity (4).The purpose of this study is to illustrate ALGV drainage into the liver and associated pseudolesions of segments II and III of the liver. In addition, we illustrate imaging findings of the mimickers of these pseudolesions. Embryology and anatomyThe left gastric vein receives branches of the inferior paraesophageal region and minor curvature of the stomach. Thereafter, it runs along the hepatogastric ligament and merges with the left aspect of the portal vein or confluence of the portal and splenic veins. The right gastric vein also receives blood from minor curvature of the stomach and merges with the right aspect of the portal vein.Aberrant left and right gastric veins develop due to morphogenetic changes during the developmental process in the early embryonic life (5). The main cause is interrupted involution of the anastomotic omental veins, so that typical left gastric vein does not form. Anastomotic omental veins are the anastomoses between primitive foregut venous plexus and ductus venosus, which normally exist during early embryonic life (5, 6).

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Section: Fat Sparingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Imaging of aberrant left gastric vein and associated pseudolesions of segments II and III of the liver and mimickers

Ünal¹,

Ozmen²,

Akata³

et al. 2015

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…The different spatial resolution scales can be exploited in different directions. High resolution could be important, for example, to address perilesional fat sparing, which can serve as an indicator for tumors and their metastases (20). Low resolution is interesting for fast fat screening to investigate obesity related pathology and to study the complex processes of fat deposition, which so far is poorly understood (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole‐body 3D water/fat resolved continuously moving table imaging

Börnert

Keupp

Eggers

et al. 2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To study the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) whole-body, head-to-toe, water/fat resolved MRI, using continuously moving table imaging technology. Materials and Methods:Experiments were performed on nine healthy volunteers, acquiring 3D whole-body head-totoe data under continuous motion of the patient table. Two different approaches for water/fat separation have been studied. Results of a three-point chemical shift encoding and a spectral presaturation technique were compared with respect to image quality and performance. Furthermore, fast, low-resolution, whole-body water/fat imaging was performed in two minutes total scan time to derive patient-specific parameters such as the total water/fat ratio, the intraperitoneal/extraperitoneal fat ratio, and the body mass index (BMI). Results:Good water/fat separation with decent image quality was obtained in all cases. The three-point chemical shift encoding approach was found to be more efficient with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and acquisition time. Conclusion:Whole-body water/fat sensitive MRI using continuous table motion is feasible and could be of interest for clinical practice. Some improvements of the method are desirable.

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“…Focal fatty infiltration usually appears geographic, but may be nodular and mass-like and, in this case, can result in a pseudotumor appearance (fig 2) [42,47].…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Models Of Steatosismentioning

confidence: 94%

Noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis using ultrasound methods

2014

Med Ultrason

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Hepatic steatosis is a condition frequently encountered in clinical practice, with potential progression towards chirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrasonography (US) is one of the noninvasive imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of steatosis. We will review the US diagnostic criteria, the US performance in the diagnosis and grading of hepatic steatosis, the US steatosis models, but also its limitations in the diagnosis of steatosis. In addition, we will discuss 2 modern methods of assessing hepatic steatosis using ultrasounds, namely the computerized processing of data forming the US image and the controlled attenuation parameter measured with unidimensional transient elastography.

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Fat in the liver: diagnosis and characterization

Cited by 148 publications

References 38 publications

Imaging of aberrant left gastric vein and associated pseudolesions of segments II and III of the liver and mimickers

Imaging of aberrant left gastric vein and associated pseudolesions of segments II and III of the liver and mimickers

Whole‐body 3D water/fat resolved continuously moving table imaging

Noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis using ultrasound methods

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