Fat Distribution in Children and Adolescents &amp;ndash; the Influence of Sex and Hormones

Cowell, CT; Briody, JN; Lloyd-Jones, S. A.; Cr, Smith; Moore, Barbara; Howman‐Giles, Robert

doi:10.1159/000191336

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The greatest change in body composition of the adolescents occurs in lean body mass and fat mass [7,14]. In the present study we found -----significant body mass and fat loss after 6-weeks of training program in both groups of subjects, with similar magnitude of change.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Guo et al [10] clearly demonstrated that late adolescent boys tended to show a lower body fat percentage as compared to adults. Reported difference could be related with decrease of leptin [5] or predominance of androgenic hormones in young athletes which could contribute to lipolysis and inhibited the fat-storing capacity of lipoprotein lipase [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of six weeks of training on physical fitness and performance in teenage and mature top-level soccer players

Sm¹,

Stojanović²,

Jukić³

et al. 2009

Biol Sport

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Abstract. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of soccer-specific training on physical fitness components in adolescent elite soccer players and make comparisons with older counterparts. Twenty two male soccer players from the Serbian First Division team were allocated to two assigned trials according to age -young group (YG) and mature group (MG). Players in their teenage years (19 years and younger) were assigned to YG (10 subjects) and others to MG (12 subjects). Between the first and second test session, all subjects followed six weeks of soccer-specific periodized training programme. There were no differences between groups at pre-and post-training trial for body mass, vertical jump height, average anaerobic power and VO 2max (P>0.05). Body fat was significantly lower in YG before and after training program as compared to MG (P<0.05). Body mass and fat dropped significantly in both groups after training program (P<0.05). Furthermore, average anaerobic power and VO 2max along with vertical jump height, were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05) at posttraining performance. Finally, the magnitude of change in VO 2max was significanty superior in MG as compared to YG after training program (18.3 vs. 7.8%; P<0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that the trainability indices are not highly influenced by age in top-level soccer players.(Biol.Sport 26:379-387, 2009)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of six weeks of training on physical fitness and performance in teenage and mature top-level soccer players

Sm¹,

Stojanović²,

Jukić³

et al. 2009

Biol Sport

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“…In the present study we found a significant inverse association between milk intake and abdominal obesity only in girls. Evidence suggests that gender may influence body composition, with girls having greater body fat (41,42) , and it is possible that the interaction between milk (and its components) and body fat may differ across different body fat thresholds (43) . In accordance with this, Vergnaud et al (44) reported that milk and yoghurt intakes were protective against 6-year changes in body weight only in adults who were initially overweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption, physical activity and socio-economic status related to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in adolescents

Abreu

Santos

Moreira

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the association between obesity and food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status in adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008. Cole's cut-off points were used to categorize BMI. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile, as well as a waist-to-height ratio at or above 0?500. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ, and the food group consumption was categorized using sex-specific tertiles of each food group amount. Physical activity was assessed via a self-report questionnaire. Socio-economic status was assessed referring to parental education and employment status. Data were analysed separately for girls and boys and the associations among food consumption, physical activity, socio-economic status and BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting the results for potential confounders. Setting: Public schools in the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal.

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“…Subsequent studies to assess TBFM and muscle accumulation in prepubertal children using DXA yielded conflicting results. Some investigators observed no gender-related differences in body composition (Rico et al, 1993;Cowell et al, 1997). Others reported that girls had more fat and similar muscle mass (Ogle et al, 1995;Molgaard and Fleischer Michaelen, 1998;Johnson et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

2007

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Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of total and regional fat mass according to gender, and to establish age and gender-related differences in a largely non-obese sedentary Spanish sample population using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subject/Methods: A total of 1113 healthy subjects (397 male and 716 female) from the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain, were used in the study. Fat mass measures were obtained from DXA scans of all subjects. Total body fat and body fat in three subregions (trunk, arms and legs) were evaluated. Results: As opposed to males, females showed from early infancy a smaller rate of muscular mass and a larger percentage of body fat (from 10 years of age), with fat deposits being basically gynoid or peripheral. With age, females showed a greater increase in fat mass together with an accelerated loss of muscular mass. Both rates tended to level out between 51 and 65 years of age. Between the ages of 40 and 60, females exhibited significant morphological evidence of larger fat depots in their legs. Conclusions: Gender differences in the patterns of proportion and distribution of body fat, as well as in the pattern of body fat evolution, were found from early infancy. Further research is required, including assessing fat mass variables in order to unravel the dynamic of body composition and to understand the complex relationship between trunk fat mass deposits and the health risks associated with obesity.

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Fat Distribution in Children and Adolescents – the Influence of Sex and Hormones

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

The effects of six weeks of training on physical fitness and performance in teenage and mature top-level soccer players

The effects of six weeks of training on physical fitness and performance in teenage and mature top-level soccer players

Food consumption, physical activity and socio-economic status related to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in adolescents

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

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