Fat-borne volatiles and sheepmeat odour

Traceability of grass feeding in beef: terpenes, 2,3-octanedione and skatole accumulation in adipose tissue of young bulls

“…Therefore, efforts have been made in recent years to establish methods to directly trace green herbage feeding in herbivore products (Coulon and Priolo, 2002;Prache et al, 2005;Karaoui and De Baerdemaeker, 2007). Skatole, 2,3-octanedione and terpenes have been proposed as possible biomarkers of pasture feeding in ruminant products (Young et al, 1997;Priolo et al, 2004;Martin et al, 2005). Young et al (1997) observed that 2,3-octanedione was not found in meat from sheep fed on grain, and suggested that it could be a good indicator of pasture feeding.…”

“…Skatole, 2,3-octanedione and terpenes have been proposed as possible biomarkers of pasture feeding in ruminant products (Young et al, 1997;Priolo et al, 2004;Martin et al, 2005). Young et al (1997) observed that 2,3-octanedione was not found in meat from sheep fed on grain, and suggested that it could be a good indicator of pasture feeding. They proposed that it could result from the action of lipoxygenase on linoleic and linolenic acids, both the enzyme and its substrates being abundant in green leafy tissue.…”

“…Skatole (3-methylindole) is known as a component of boar-taint flavour in pork (Berg et al, 1993) and pastoral flavour in meat products from ruminants (Young et al, 1997;Schreurs et al, 2008). Research efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanisms and factors governing skatole production and accumulation in ruminants' fat in order to reduce unpleasant pastoral flavour (Lane and Fraser, 1999;Schreurs et al, 2007;Priolo et al, 2009), and in order to study the reliability of the skatole determination in fat as an indicator of pasture feeding (Priolo et al, 2004, Prache et al, 2009.…”

Authentication of beef production systems using a metabolomic-based approach

“…There is particular interest in the animal products derived from pasture-fed animals because they are considered nutritionally superior as a result of elevated levels of n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid arising from the feeding regime (Enser et al, 1998;Nuernberg et al, 2005;Alfaia et al, 2009), as well as being more animal welfare-friendly (Prache et al, 2005). Efforts have recently been made to develop analytical tools to quantify specific compounds in animal tissues that can act as markers of animal diet, including carotenoids (Simonne et al, 1996;Serrano et al, 2006), terpenes and phenolic compounds (Young et al, 1997) and tocopherols (Rö hrle et al, 2011). Moreover, fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid (Wood and Enser, 1997;Wood et al, 2003;Elmore et al, 2000;Aurousseau et al, 2004), as well as 2,3-octanodione and skatole (3-methylindole; Young et al, 1997) have been found to be good indicators of the animal diet.…”

“…Efforts have recently been made to develop analytical tools to quantify specific compounds in animal tissues that can act as markers of animal diet, including carotenoids (Simonne et al, 1996;Serrano et al, 2006), terpenes and phenolic compounds (Young et al, 1997) and tocopherols (Rö hrle et al, 2011). Moreover, fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid (Wood and Enser, 1997;Wood et al, 2003;Elmore et al, 2000;Aurousseau et al, 2004), as well as 2,3-octanodione and skatole (3-methylindole; Young et al, 1997) have been found to be good indicators of the animal diet. Furthermore, the potential of other methods such as stable isotope ratio analysis of bioelements (Piasentier et al, 2003;De Smet et al, 2004;Schmidt et al, 2005) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS; Cozzolino et al, 2002a and2002b) to differentiate meat originating from different feeding regimes has been demonstrated.…”