Fat and Lipid Metabolism and the Involvement of Apolipoprotein<scp>E</scp>in Alzheimer's Disease

Hone, Eugene; Lim, Fabian; Martins, Ian

doi:10.1002/9781119356752.ch7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 344 publications

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“…Apo E and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apolipoproteins present in CSF, influence neurodegeneration via cholesterol and lipid metabolism [ 57 , 58 ]. Apo A-I or apo E can bind with cholesterol to form high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles that are important for neurons in membrane growth and repair [ 59 ]. Apo E can be measured in both CSF and blood; however, the use of apo E as a potential biomarker in AD is inconsistent and controversial [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand

et al. 2021

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Background Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder found in senior dogs. Due to the lack of biological markers, CCDS is commonly underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to identify potential plasma biomarkers using proteomics techniques and to increase our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the disease. Plasma amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) has been seen to be a controversial biomarker for CCDS. Proteomics analysis was performed for protein identification and quantification. Results Within CCDS, ageing, and adult dogs, 87 proteins were identified specific to Canis spp. in the plasma samples. Of 87 proteins, 48 and 41 proteins were changed in the ageing and adult groups, respectively. Several distinctly expressed plasma proteins identified in CCDS were involved in complement and coagulation cascades and the apolipoprotein metabolism pathway. Plasma Aβ42 levels considerably overlapped within the CCDS and ageing groups. In the adult group, the Aβ42 level was low compared with that in the other groups. Nevertheless, plasma Aβ42 did not show a correlation with the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating scale (CCDR) score in the CCDS group (p = 0.131, R2 = 0.261). Conclusions Our present findings suggest that plasma Aβ42 does not show potential for use as a diagnostic biomarker in CCDS. The nano-LC-MS/MS data revealed that the predictive underlying mechanism of CCDS was the co-occurrence of inflammation-mediated acute phase response proteins and complement and coagulation cascades that partly functioned by apolipoproteins and lipid metabolism. Some of the differentially expressed proteins may serve as potential predictor biomarkers along with Aβ42 in plasma for improved CCDS diagnosis. Further study in larger population-based cohort study is required in validation to define the correlation between protein expression and the pathogenesis of CCDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand

et al. 2021

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“…Apo E and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apolipoproteins present in CSF, in uence neurodegeneration via cholesterol and lipid metabolism [57,58]. Apo A-I or apo E can bind with cholesterol to form high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles that are important for neurons in membrane growth and repair [59]. Apo E can be measured in both CSF and blood; however, the use of apo E as a potential biomarker in AD is inconsistent and controversial [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand

Phochantachinda

Chantong

Reamtong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder found in senior dogs. Due to the lack of biological markers, CCDS is commonly underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to identify potential plasma biomarkers using proteomics techniques and to increase our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the disease. Plasma amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) has been seen to be a controversial biomarker for CCDS. Proteomics analysis was performed for protein identification and quantification.Results: Within CCDS, ageing, and adult dogs, 87 proteins were identified specific to Canis spp. in the plasma samples. Of 87 proteins, 48 and 41 proteins were changed in the ageing and adult groups, Several distinctly expressed plasma proteins identified in CCDS were involved in complement and coagulation cascades and the apolipoprotein metabolism pathway. Plasma Aβ42 levels considerably overlapped within the CCDS and ageing groups. In the adult group, the Aβ42 level was low compared with that in the other groups. Nevertheless, plasma Aβ42 did not show a correlation with the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating scale (CCDR) score in the CCDS group (p=0.131, R2=0.261).Conclusions: Our present findings suggest that plasma Aβ42 does not show potential for use as a diagnostic biomarker in CCDS. The nano-LC-MS/MS data revealed that the predictive underlying mechanism of CCDS was the co-occurrence of inflammation-mediated acute phase response proteins and complement and coagulation cascades that partly functioned by apolipoproteins and lipid metabolism. Some of the differentially expressed proteins may serve as potential predictor biomarkers along with Aβ42 in plasma for improved CCDS diagnosis. Further study in larger population-based cohort study is required in validation to define the correlation between protein expression and the pathogenesis of CCDS.

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“…Currently, most of fat crystalline supramolecular structures in lipid‐based products are formed by saturated triacylglycerol. Nonetheless, intake of large amount of saturated fats is associated with adverse chronic health effects such as increasing risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Hone et al, 2019; Lima et al, 2019; Takada et al, 2019; Peradze et al, 2019). In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration has ruled that partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) are no longer generally recognized as safe (US Federal Register, 2015), resulting in a ban of PHOs in all food products and caused an increase in the use of saturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties of oleogels fabricated by the combination of diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Oleogelation is an efficient way to offer healthy substitutes for trans and saturated fatty acids in processed foods. Multicomponent gels are of particular interest due to the ability to tune gel properties by altering the component proportions. In this study, monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are used as gelator blends and the influence of the gelator ratio on the characteristics of oleogels was investigated. The crystallization and melting behavior, solid fat content (SFC), crystal morphology, polymorphism and mechanical properties of the oleogels were characterized. The oleogels with higher gelator level displayed increased oil binding ability and shorter crystal formation time. The oleogels with higher MAG ratio exhibited more fibrillar-like crystals, and the mixed oleogels with MAG:DAG of 5:5 showed altered crystal morphology with finer crystal size, reduced crystallization enthalpies and solid state possibly due to the increased nucleation seeds promoted by MAG. The oleogels with high MAG level showed lower equilibrium SFC during isothermal crystallization but faster crystallization rate, higher hardness and elasticity. Therefore, by changing the ratio of DAG to MAG, the crystallization profile and rheological properties of oleogels can be tailored. The oleogels can be used as traditional solid fat substitutes to reduce saturated fatty acid content in lipid-based products.

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Fat and Lipid Metabolism and the Involvement of ApolipoproteinEin Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 344 publications

Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand

Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand

Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand

Physical properties of oleogels fabricated by the combination of diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols

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