Fast Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Tetracycline and Fluoxetine in Water

Abstract

The electrochemical methods-based protocol for simultaneous detection of tetracycline (TC) from antibiotics class and fluoxetine (FXT) from anti-depressive pharmaceuticals class, which belongs to emerging pollutants from water, was developed in this study using carbon nanofiber-epoxy composite electrode (CNF). The electrochemical behaviour of each pharmaceutical on CNF was considered the basis for simultaneous detection of both pharmaceuticals from water. TC electrooxidation on CNF occurred in two steps and, consequently, two detection potentials are considered. FXT electrooxidation occurred in one step that is overlaid to the first step of TC detection, this step being considered as cumulative for both pharmaceuticals. Each electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential-pulsed voltammetry (DPV) allowed detecting cumulative presence of TC and FXT at the detection potential ranged between 0.65 and 0.815 V vs. SCE and the selective detection of TC at the detection potential ranged between 0.956 and 1.14 V vs. SCE. The electroanalytical parameters related to the lowest limit of detection and sensitivity recommended this electrode to exhibit the potential for practical applications in the electrochemical detection of certain pharmaceuticals as emerging pollutants from water.

Review on Surface-Modified Electrodes for the Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

“…Furthermore, Ardelean and team [ 90 ] showed that an electrode composed of carbon nanofiber-epoxy can be used to detect analytes in water samples simultaneously [ 90 ].…”

Electroanalysis of Pharmaceuticals on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: A Review

“…The suggested method was successfully applied in the determination of PAR, CAF and ASA in pharmaceutical formulations with recovery ranging from 98 % to 108 % for PAR, 92 % to 104 % for CAF, and 92 % to 98 % for ASA. Tyszczuk‐Rotko and coauthors developed a DPV methodology for PAR and dopamine (DA) . DA is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter which plays a significant role in the proper functioning of the brain.…”

“…Different antidepressant pharmaceuticals have an electroanalytical methodology developed. Fluoxetine (FXT), most usually known as Prozac®, was determined in tap water samples using SWV at BDD electrode . In the proposed electroanalytical method, FXT can be directly determined in a 0.1 mol L −1 Na 2 SO 4 .The electrochemical behavior and detection of FXT at BDD electrode were studied using CV, DPV, SWV and chronoamperometry (CA).…”

Graphene Oxide Electroreduced onto Boron-Doped Diamond and Electrodecorated with Silver (Ag/GO/BDD) Electrode for Tetracycline Detection in Aqueous Solution

“…Carbon-based materials have remarkable characteristics, such as: high surface area, high electrical conductivity, electron mobility at room temperature, flexibility and mechanical strength, making them very attractive in the field of sensor design. Of these carbonaceous materials, due to its electrical conductivity and very high surface area, graphene is ideal for electrochemical applications [20][21][22][23]. The boron diamond electrode (BDD) is recognized for its outstanding properties in very good results in electrochemical detection and electrochemical applications, such as: reproducibility, low background current, wide potential window, stability.…”