Fast reactions: Rapid mixing and concentration jump experiments

Pressure Jump Apparatus for the Study of Fast Reactions

“…A much slower reaction, the hydration of 0.25 M pyruvic acid, was also observed to check the instrumentation during slower scan times. The relaxation time of 1.1 sec was found to agree well with the literature value of 1.15 sec [6], and 1.09 sec determined by the concentration jump method [7].…”

“…Evaluation of relaxation times from the oscillograms, as well as details regarding the mechanism of the carbonic acid and pyruvic acid hydration reactions, have already been described [7]. This instrument has the advantage that it can be readily assembled at relatively little expense, and allows reactions in the submillisecond time range to be conveniently studied.…”

A kinetic experiment using a spring powered, stopped-flow apparatus

“…Driving System. One of the principal features of the proposed apparatus is represented by the driving system that utilizes the expansion power of a previously compressed spring (13)(14).…”

“…In Figure 2 an exploded view of the mixer and observation tube assembly is presented. Both mixing chamber (a-b) and observation tube (c) are made of stainless-steel coated with a polymer (14) to make it inert to many reagents. Also other materials, easier to work with, as blackened Plexiglass or brass, could eventually be used with appropriate reagents.…”

The nitric acid/nitrous acid and ferroin/ferriin system: A reaction that demonstrates autocatalysis, reversibility, pseudo orders, chemical waves, and concentration jump

“…In most cases each concrete reaction is used to demonstrate or investigate only one particular kinetic phenomenon. Recent examples are kinetics of different order (2), reversible reactions (2), autocatalytic reactions (3,4), clock reactions (5), oscillatory reactions (6, 7), and the concentration jump technique (2,8).…”