2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0955-7997(03)00040-7
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Fast integral equation solvers in computational electromagnetics of complex structures☆

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Cited by 41 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…However, soon the high computational complexity of the IEMs became a major bottleneck in the practical simulations, and so it was crucial to come up with techniques that would reduce the high computational load of the IEMs and enable efficient solutions of large-scale problems. These techniques, known as fast integral equation solvers, significantly extended the usability of the IEMs and made IEMs very compatible with the computationally less expensive PDEMs [6,29].…”
Section: Historical Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…However, soon the high computational complexity of the IEMs became a major bottleneck in the practical simulations, and so it was crucial to come up with techniques that would reduce the high computational load of the IEMs and enable efficient solutions of large-scale problems. These techniques, known as fast integral equation solvers, significantly extended the usability of the IEMs and made IEMs very compatible with the computationally less expensive PDEMs [6,29].…”
Section: Historical Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Traditionally MLFMA has separate algorithms for the static (low frequency) and dynamic (high frequency) cases. The high frequency version is routinely applied for computing scattering by electrically large structures [29], such as an aircraft, but its application to complex antenna geometries, or other structures with a lot of geometrical details that are small compared with the wavelength, is much more challenging. The low frequency version based on for example multipole expansions of the field components [121], on the other hand, becomes inefficient at higher frequencies since the number of terms required in the expansions increases rapidly as the frequency is increased.…”
Section: Broadband Mlfmamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When r ′ increases, i.e. the points x, y move farther from poles x 0 , y 0 , the exponential in (19) oscillates, reducing the accuracy of G L , see Fig. 5.…”
Section: Empirical Observations In the Real-wavenumber Case (Kmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The capabilities of the Fast Multipole-Boundary Element Method (FMBEM) and its recursive variant the Multi Level-FMBEM (ML-FMBEM) have rapidly progressed during the last decade, allowing many engineering applications requiring large BEM models, in connection with e.g. acoustics [16], elastodynamics [17], Stokes flows [18] or electromagnetism [19]. Fast BEMs have also been proposed using other approaches, in particular based on hierarchical matrices [20][21][22].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4, comprising a source point at and an observer point at that belong to source and observer constellations contained in circles of radius centered about and . It was shown in [33], [43] that the kernel can be expressed as: (13) (14) with , and . Equation (13) realizes a plane wave decomposition of the Hankel function.…”
Section: Plane Wave Decomposition Of the Hankel Kernelmentioning
confidence: 99%