Fast-food outlets and grocery stores near school and adolescents’ eating habits and overweight in Finland

Virtanen, Marianna; Kivimäki, Hanne; Ervasti, Jenni; Oksanen, Tuula; Pentti, Jaana; Kouvonen, Anne; Halonen, Jaana I.; Kivimäki, Mika; Vahtera, Jussi

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv045

Cited by 60 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Two studies examined associations between distance to or availability of FFO near schools and weight status according to socio‐economic advantage. One study in Finland found some evidence of greater prevalence ratios of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) associated with shorter distance to the closest FFO or grocery store only among students from socio‐economically disadvantaged backgrounds . The same study saw weak evidence of negative associations between closer distance from school to an FFO or grocery store and overweight/obesity among students with socio‐economic advantage .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Food environment near schools and body weight—A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio‐economic factors

et al. 2020

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Summary Previous research reported modest associations between food environments near schools and adiposity among children overall. The associations within sociodemographic subgroups have not been synthesized. This review assessed the evidence on the associations between food environments near schools and childhood obesity within different demographic and socio‐economic subgroups. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify studies published in English between January 1, 1980, and April 25, 2019, examining the presence of fast food outlets, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores near schools and measures of overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and income level. Twelve cross‐sectional and two ecological studies were included. Fast food outlets were most commonly examined (n = 12). The associations between fast food outlets near schools and obesity were generally positive among Latino, white, and African American students and across grade levels, although the strengths of evidence varied. The directions of association were mixed among Asian children. Three studies reported generally positive associations between convenience stores and obesity among Latino and African American children and mixed associations among white and Asian children. Longitudinal studies are needed in addition to studies examining underlying mechanisms of the differential influence of food environments near schools within each subgroup.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Food environment near schools and body weight—A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio‐economic factors

et al. 2020

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“…Most studies 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 use the terminology “fast food” for industrialized foods, but Monteiro et al 4 created a new classification of foods into three groups, in line with the level of processing, with the third group comprising foods that have been processed, those that require little or no preparation. The new Food Guide for the Brazilian population 25 proposes a classification similar to that of Monteiro et al, 4 with the same terminology, differing only on breads and baked foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumo Energético Proveniente De Alimentos Ultraprocessados Por Adolescentes

D'avila

Kirsten

2017

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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ASTRACTObjective: To evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and related factors in adolescents.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 784 adolescents (both sexes and aged between 12 and 19 years) from public and private schools in the municipality of Palmeira das Missões, Brazil. Food consumption was recorded by the semiquantitative questionnaire of frequency of food consumption and converted to energy (kcal/day). Foods were classified as minimally processed, group 1 (G1); processed foods, group 2 (G2); and ultra-processed foods, group 3 (G3). The variables evaluated were sex, socioeconomic class, color, physical activity, body mass index, and blood pressure levels. In the comparison of quantitative variables, the Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used. To adjust the differences between the groups, considering the effects of total calories, the covariance analysis test (ANCOVA) was applied.Results: The median of the total energy consumption was 3,039.8 kcal, and that of ultra-processed foods was 1,496.5 kcal/day (49.23%). The caloric intake from foods in G1, G2, and G3 did not differ according to the skin color of the adolescents. Those belonging to socioeconomic classes C and D are the most frequent consumers of calories from G2 and G3 (p<0.001). Underactive teens consume fewer calories from minimally processed foods. Eutrophic adolescents present higher consumption of G3 foods (p<0.001) when compared to those who are overweight.Conclusions: The consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with socioeconomic level, physical activity level, and nutritional status.

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“…Favouring low-nutrient, energy-dense foods is associated with the displacement of nutrients as demonstrated by a study in which adolescents who purchased low-nutrient energydense foods in addition to obtaining a school lunch wasted more of the latter foods, had higher intakes of total energy and fat, and lower intakes of Ca, thiamin and vitamins C and A at lunchtime than students who did not purchase these foods with their lunch (19) . The literature indicates that food retailers in close proximity to secondary schools are an important influence on the dietary behaviours of young people because they are potentially easily accessible by students before, during lunchtime (if permitted) and after school (11)(12)(13) . Studies show that students who attend schools within a 1 km radius of fast-food restaurants are more likely to purchase fast food, and report higher soft drink consumption and lower fruit and vegetable consumption, compared with students who do not have easy access to such environments (12,20) .…”

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confidence: 99%

School lunches in the Republic of Ireland: a comparison of the nutritional quality of adolescents’ lunches sourced from home or purchased at school or ‘out’ at local food outlets

Browne

Staines

Barron

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To compare the energy, nutrient and food group compositions of three sources of school-day lunches among students in five secondary schools in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Design: Cross-sectional study conducted between October 2012 and March 2013. Students completed self-report food diaries over two school days. The energy, nutrient, nutrient density and food group composition of school-day lunches from home, school and 'out' in local food outlets were compared using ANCOVA and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference post hoc analysis. Setting: Five secondary schools in the ROI. Subjects: Male and female students aged 15-17 years (n 305). Results: Six hundred and fifteen lunches (376 home lunches, 115 school lunches and 124 lunches sourced 'out' in the local environment) were analysed. School and 'out' purchased lunches were significantly higher than packed lunches from home in energy (2047 kJ (489 kcal), 2664 kJ (627 kcal), 1671 kJ (399 kcal), respectively), total fat (23·5 g, 30·1 g, 16·6 g, respectively) and free (added) sugars (12·6 g, 19·3 g, 7·4 g, respectively). More home lunches contained more fruit, wholemeal breads, cheese and red meat than lunches from school or 'out'. Meat products, chips and highcalorie beverages were sourced more frequently at school or 'out' than home. Fibre and micronutrient contents of lunches from all sources were low. Conclusions: Home-sourced lunches had the healthiest nutritional profile in terms of energy and macronutrients. Foods high in energy, fat and free sugars associated with school and local food outlets are of concern given the public health focus to reduce their consumption. While school food should be improved, all sources of lunches need to be considered when addressing the dietary behaviours of secondary-school students. Keywords Secondary-school food Adolescents Local food environments Public health policySchool has been identified as an important setting for the provision and promotion of healthy food to young people (1)(2)(3) . Easy access to affordable, healthy foods at school is recommended in obesity management strategies (2)(3)(4) , and with 20-25 % of Irish adolescents currently overweight or obese (5)(6)(7)(8) , there is increasing pressure on the education sector to play a role in management and prevention. This situation is not unique to Ireland; the availability of low-nutrient, energy-dense foods in schools and the environments close to schools is well documented in international literature (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) . Low-nutrient, energy-dense food and beverage items including confectionery, biscuits and cakes, salty snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages are commonly sold alongside healthier options in Irish secondary schools (9) . In the USA the availability of French fries or chips, sugarsweetened beverages and other energy-dense foods at school is associated with higher energy intake among students (16) . Fruit and vegetable consumption has also been shown to be lower in schools where low-nutrient, energy-dense f...

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Fast-food outlets and grocery stores near school and adolescents’ eating habits and overweight in Finland

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Food environment near schools and body weight—A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio‐economic factors

Food environment near schools and body weight—A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio‐economic factors

Consumo Energético Proveniente De Alimentos Ultraprocessados Por Adolescentes

School lunches in the Republic of Ireland: a comparison of the nutritional quality of adolescents’ lunches sourced from home or purchased at school or ‘out’ at local food outlets

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